Abstract
The physics of quantum rings is reviewed from basic concepts rooted in the quantum-mechanical paradigm—via unprecedented challenges brilliantly overcome by both theory and experiment—to promising application perspectives.
“The Ring is… not just a story…: it’s a cosmos.”
(R. Lepage about the tetralogy The Ring of the Nibelung of R. Wagner)
http://wagnersdream.metoperafamily.org/robert-interview.html
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
“… a magnet should be considered as an assembly of electric currents that occur in planes perpendicular to its axis…” (Translation by V. M. F.)
- 2.
“…at each of the poles of a magnet, the electrical currents, of which it consists, are directed along concentric closed curves…” (Translation by V. M. F.)
- 3.
“The susceptibility… corresponds to the induced currents that flow from one atom to another around the cyclic chain.” (Translation by V.M.F.)
- 4.
“We can… say that the aromatic combinations behave as superconductors.” (Translation by V.M.F.)
- 5.
“…an essential part of the current corresponding to the diamagnetic magnetization flows around the annulus; this current produces no Joule heat, as the population of states corresponds to the thermal equilibrium.” (Translation by V.M.F.)
- 6.
“…a constant positive magnetization occurs to be suddenly added to the negative (diamagnetic) magnetization, and this is repeated after a certain increase in B.” (Translation by V.M.F.)
References
A.-M. Ampère, Ann. Chim. Phys. 15, 59 (1820)
A.-M. Ampère, Ann. Chim. Phys. 15, 170 (1820)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 191, 409 (1995)
M. Bayindir, I.O. Kulik, in Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics, ed. by I.O. Kulik, R. Ellialtıoğlu. NATO Science Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 559 (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000), pp. 283–292
B.C. Lee, O. Voskoboynikov, C.P. Lee, Physica E 24, 87 (2004)
L. Saminadayar, C. Bäuerle, D. Mailly, in Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 3, ed. by H.S. Nalwa (American Scientific, Valencia, 2004), pp. 267–285
P. Nordlander, ACS Nano 3, 488 (2009)
V.M. Fomin, L.F. Chibotaru, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 4, 3 (2009)
I.O. Kulik, Low Temp. Phys. 36, 1063 (2010)
V.M. Fomin (ed.), A special issue on Modern Advancements in Experimental and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Rings. J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, pp. 1–86 (2011)
L. Pauling, J. Chem. Phys. 4, 673 (1936)
F.J. London, J. Phys. Radium 8, 397 (1937)
F. Hund, Ann. Phys. (Leipz.), 5. Folge 32, 102 (1938)
R.B. Dingle, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 212, 47 (1952)
A.C. Bleszynski-Jayich, W.E. Shanks, B. Peaudecerf, E. Ginossar, F. von Oppen, L. Glazman, J.G.E. Harris, Science 326, 272 (2009)
S.M. Rytov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 18, 263 (1938) [English translation in: B. Markovsky and S. I. Vinitsky, Eds., Topological Phases in Quantum Theory (World Scientific, Singapore, 1989), pp. 6–10]
V.V. Vladimirskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 21, 222 (1941) [English translation in: B. Markovsky and S. I. Vinitsky, Eds., Topological Phases in Quantum Theory (World Scientific, Singapore, 1989), pp. 11–16]
S. Pancharatnam, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. A 44, 247 (1956)
M.V. Berry, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 392, 45 (1984)
M. Born, V. Fock, Z. Phys. 51, 165 (1928)
Y. Aharonov, J. Anandan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1593 (1987)
N. Byers, C.N. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 46 (1961)
F. Bloch, Phys. Rev. 137, A787 (1965)
F. Wilczek, A. Zee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2111 (1984)
Y. Aharonov, D. Bohm, Phys. Rev. 115, 485 (1959)
P.A.M. Dirac, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 133, 60 (1931)
W. Ehrenbug, R.E. Siday, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 62, 8 (1949)
E. Buks, R. Schuster, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu, V. Umansky, Nature 391, 871 (1998)
Y. Aharonov, A. Casher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 319 (1984)
V.M. Fomin, V.R. Misko, J.T. Devreese, V.V. Moshchalkov, Phys. Rev. B 58, 11703 (1998)
H. Zhao, V.M. Fomin, J.T. Devreese, V.V. Moshchalkov, Solid State Commun. 125, 59 (2003)
J.T. Devreese, V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J. Tempere, Physica C 470, 848 (2010)
R. Doll, M. Näbauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 51 (1961)
B.S. Deaver Jr., W.M. Fairbank, Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 43 (1961)
L. Gunther, Y. Imry, Solid State Commun. 7, 1391 (1969)
I.O. Kulik, JETP Lett. 11, 275 (1970)
I.O. Kulik, Sov. Phys. JETP 31, 1172 (1970)
N.B. Brandt, D.V. Gitsu, A.A. Nikolaeva, Ya.G. Ponomarev, JETP Lett. 24, 272 (1976)
N.B. Brandt, E.N. Bogachek, D.V. Gitsu, G.A. Gogadze, I.O. Kulik, A.A. Nikolaeva, Ya.G. Ponomarev, Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 8, 358 (1982)
M. Büttiker, Y. Imry, R. Landauer, Phys. Lett. A 96, 365 (1983)
Y. Imry, Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997). 234 pp.
J.P. Carini, K.A. Muttalib, S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 102 (1984)
R. Landauer, M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2049 (1985)
M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. B 32, 1846 (1985)
L.P. Lévy, G. Dolan, J. Dunsmuir, H. Bouchiat, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2074 (1990)
V. Chandreasekhar, R.A. Webb, M.J. Brandy, M.B. Ketchen, W.J. Gallagher, A. Kleinsasser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3578 (1991)
D. Mailly, C. Chapelier, A. Benoit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2020 (1993)
E.M.Q. Jariwala, P. Mohanty, M.B. Ketchen, R.A. Webb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1594 (2001)
H. Bluhm, N.C. Koshnick, J.A. Bert, M.E. Huber, K.A. Moler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 136802 (2009)
R. Deblock, R. Bel, B. Reulet, H. Bouchiat, D. Mailly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 206803 (2002)
H.-F. Cheung, Y. Gefen, E.K. Riedel, W.-H. Shih, Phys. Rev. B 37, 6050 (1988)
F. von Oppen, E.K. Riedel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 84 (1991)
B.L. Altshuler, Y. Gefen, Y. Imry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 88 (1991)
H. Bouchiat, G. Montambaux, J. Phys. (Paris) 50, 2695 (1989)
H.-F. Cheung, E.K. Riedel, Y. Gefen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 587 (1989)
D. Loss, P. Goldbart, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13762 (1991)
J.F. Weisz, R. Kishore, F.V. Kusmartsev, Phys. Rev. B 49, 8126 (1994)
A. Emperador, F. Pederiva, E. Lipparini, Phys. Rev. B 68, 115312 (2003)
V. Ambegaokar, U. Eckern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 381 (1990)
A. Schmid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 80 (1991)
U. Eckern, A. Schmid, Europhys. Lett. 18, 457 (1992)
M. Schechter, Y. Oreg, Y. Imry, Y. Levinson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 026805 (2003)
U. Eckern, P. Schwab, V. Ambegaokar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 209701 (2004)
M. Schechter, Y. Oreg, Y. Imry, Y. Levinson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 209702 (2004)
H. Bary-Soroker, O. Entin-Wohlman, Y. Imry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 057001 (2008)
N. Argaman, Y. Imry, Phys. Scr. T 49, 333 (1993)
A. Altland, S. Iida, A. Müller-Groeling, H.A. Weidenmüller, Ann. Phys. 219, 148 (1992)
A. Müller-Groeling, H.A. Weidenmüller, C.H. Lewenkopf, Europhys. Lett. 22, 193 (1993)
A. Müller-Groeling, H.A. Weidenmuller, Phys. Rev. B 49, 4752 (1994)
Y. Imry, Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005). 236 pp.
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, A.A. Krokhin, Phys. Rev. B 50, 4642 (1994)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, Z. Phys. B 96, 373 (1995)
W.C. Tan, J.C. Inkson, Phys. Rev. B 53, 6947 (1996)
V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, S.N. Klimin, J.T. Devreese, N.A.J.M. Kleemans, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. B 76, 235320 (2007)
A.O. Govorov, A.V. Chaplik, L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, JETP Lett. 60, 643 (1994)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, A.V. Chaplik, Solid State Commun. 96, 809 (1995)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, A.V. Chaplik, A.O. Govorov, Z. Phys. B 100, 211 (1996)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, A.V. Chaplik, A.O. Govorov, Physica B 227, 397 (1996)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, A.V. Chaplik, A.O. Govorov, Phys. Rev. B 54, 4794 (1996)
V.M. Kovalev, A.V. Chaplik, Semiconductors 37, 1195 (2003)
A.V. Chaplik, JETP Lett. 62, 900 (1995)
L. Wendler, V.M. Fomin, Phys. Rev. B 51, 17814 (1995)
A. Levy Yeyati, M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. B 52, R14360 (1995)
M. Büttiker, C.A. Stafford, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 495 (1996)
C. Schönenberger, A. Bachtold, Ch. Strunk, J.-P. Salvetat, J.-M. Bonard, L. Forró, T. Nussbaumer, Nature 397, 673 (1999)
D. Bimberg (ed.), Semiconductor Nanostructures (Springer, Berlin, 2008). 357 pp.
D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N.N. Ledentsov, Quantum Dot Heterostructures (Wiley, Chichester, 1999). 338 pp.
G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, IBM J. Res. Dev. 30, 4 (1986)
R. Wiesendanger, Scanning Probe Microscopy: Analytical Methods (Springer, Berlin, 1998). 216 pp.
J.M. García, G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, K. Schmidt, T. Ngo, J.L. Feng, A. Lorke, J. Kotthaus, P.M. Petroff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2014 (1997)
J.M. García, J. Silveira, F. Briones, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 409 (2000)
D. Granados, J.M. García, T. Ben, S.I. Molina, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 071918 (2005)
R. Blossey, A. Lorke, Phys. Rev. E 65, 021603 (2002)
D. Granados, J.M. García, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2401 (2003)
A. Lorke, R.J. Luyken, J.M. García, P.M. Petroff, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 1857 (2001)
D.J. Bottomley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4747 (2002)
A. Lorke, R.J. Luyken, A.O. Govorov, J. Kotthaus, J.M. García, P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2223 (2000)
R.J. Warburton, C. Schaflein, D. Haft, F. Bickel, A. Lorke, K. Karrai, J. Garcia, W. Schoenfeld, P. Petroff, Nature 405, 926 (2000)
N.A.J.M. Kleemans, J.H. Blokland, A.G. Taboada, H.C.M. van Genuchten, M. Bozkurt, V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, D. Granados, J.M. García, P.C.M. Christianen, J.C. Maan, J.T. Devreese, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155318 (2009)
B. Alén, J. Martínez-Pastor, D. Granados, J.M. García, Phys. Rev. B 72, 155331 (2005)
G. Biasiol, S. Heun, L. Sorba, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 20–33 (2011)
P. Offermans, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, D. Granados, J.M. García, V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 131902 (2005)
V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, P. Offermans, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, J.M. García, D. Granados, AIP Conf. Proc. 772, 803 (2005)
P. Offermans, P.M. Koenraad, J.H. Wolter, D. Granados, J.M. García, V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, Physica E 32, 41 (2006)
V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, N.A.J.M. Kleemans, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. B 77, 205326 (2008)
N.A.J.M. Kleemans, I.M.A. Bominaar-Silkens, V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, D. Granados, A.G. Taboada, J.M. García, P. Offermans, U. Zeitler, P.C.M. Christianen, J.C. Maan, J.T. Devreese, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 146808 (2007)
W.G. van der Wiel, Yu.V. Nazarov, S. De Franceschi, T. Fujisawa, J.M. Elzerman, E.W.G.M. Huizeling, S. Tarucha, L.P. Kouwenhoven, Phys. Rev. B 67, 033307 (2003)
B. Hackens, F. Martins, T. Ouisse, H. Sellier, S. Bollaert, X. Wallart, A. Cappy, J. Chevrier, V. Bayot, S. Huant, Nat. Phys. 2, 826 (2006)
B. Hackens, F. Martins, S. Faniel, C.A. Dutu, H. Sellier, S. Huant, M. Pala, L. Desplanque, X. Wallart, V. Bayot, Nat. Commun. 1, 39 (2010)
M.G. Pala, S. Baltazar, P. Liu, H. Sellier, B. Hackens, F. Martins, V. Bayot, X. Wallart, L. Desplanque, S. Huant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 076802 (2012)
T. Raz, D. Ritter, G. Bahir, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1706 (2003)
J. Cui, Q. He, X.M. Jiang, Y.L. Fan, X.J. Yang, F. Xue, Z.M. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2907 (2003)
S. Kobayashi, C. Jiang, T. Kawazu, H. Sakaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, L662 (2004)
B.C. Lee, C.P. Lee, Nanotechnology 15, 848 (2004)
R. Timm, H. Eisele, A. Lenz, L. Ivanova, G. Balakrishnan, D. Huffaker, M. Dähne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 256101 (2008)
J. Podbielski, F. Giesen, D. Grundler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 167207 (2006)
S. Sanguinetti, N. Koguchi, T. Mano, T. Kuroda, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 34 (2011)
J. Wu, Z.M. Wang, A.Z. Li, Z. Zeng, S. Li, G. Chen, G.J. Salamo, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 58 (2011)
Ch. Heyn, A. Stemmann, Ch. Strelow, T. Köppen, D. Sonnenberg, A. Graf, S. Mendach, W. Hansen, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 62 (2011)
Á. Nemcsics, Ch. Heyn, A. Stemmann, A. Schramm, H. Welsch, W. Hansen, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 165, 118 (2009)
T. Kuroda, T. Mano, T. Ochiai, S. Sanguinetti, K. Sakoda, G. Kido, N. Koguchi, Phys. Rev. B 72, 205301 (2005)
T. Mano, T. Kuroda, S. Sanguinetti, T. Ochiai, T. Tateno, J. Kim, T. Noda, M. Kawabe, K. Sakoda, G. Kido, N. Koguchi, Nano Lett. 5, 425 (2005)
S. Huang, Z. Niu, Z. Fang, H. Ni, Z. Gong, J. Xia, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 031921 (2006)
C. Somaschini, S. Bietti, N. Koguchi, S. Sanguinetti, Nano Lett. 9, 3419 (2009)
C. Somaschini, S. Bietti, S. Sanguinetti, N. Koguchi, A. Fedorov, Nanotechnology 21, 125601 (2010)
A. Fuhrer, S. Lüscher, T. Ihn, T. Heinzel, K. Ensslin, W. Wegscheider, M. Bichler, Nature 413, 822 (2001)
B. Grbić, R. Leturcq, T. Ihn, K. Ensslin, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Physica E 40, 1273 (2008)
R.A. Römer, M.E. Raikh, Phys. Rev. B 62, 7045 (2000)
A.O. Govorov, S.E. Ulloa, K. Karrai, R.J. Warburton, Phys. Rev. B 66, 081309 (2002)
A.V. Kalameitsev, A.O. Govorov, V.M. Kovalev, JETP Lett. 68, 669 (1998)
A.V. Chaplik, JETP Lett. 75, 292 (2002)
M. Grochol, F. Grosse, R. Zimmermann, Phys. Rev. B 74, 115416 (2006)
V.M. Kovalev, A.V. Chaplik, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 95, 912 (2002)
A.V. Maslov, D.S. Citrin, Phys. Rev. B 67, 121304(R) (2003)
F. Ding, N. Akopian, B. Li, U. Perinetti, A. Govorov, F.M. Peeters, C.C. Bof Bufon, C. Deneke, Y.H. Chen, A. Rastelli, O.G. Schmidt, V. Zwiller, Phys. Rev. B 82, 075309 (2010)
V.M. Kovalev, A.V. Chaplik, Europhys. Lett. 77, 47003 (2007)
M.D. Teodoro, V.L. Campo Jr., V. Lopez-Richard, E. Marega Jr., G.E. Marques, Y. Galvao Gobato, F. Iikawa, M.J.S.P. Brasil, Z.Y. AbuWaar, V.G. Dorogan, Yu.I. Mazur, M. Benamara, G.J. Salamo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 086401 (2010)
E. Ribeiro, A.O. Govorov, W. Carvalho Jr., G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 126402 (2004)
I.R. Sellers, V.R. Whiteside, I.L. Kuskovsky, A.O. Govorov, B.D. McCombe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 136405 (2008)
I.R. Sellers, A.O. Govorov, B.D. McCombe, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 4 (2011)
I.R. Sellers, V.R. Whiteside, A.O. Govorov, W.C. Fan, W.-C. Chou, I. Khan, A. Petrou, B.D. McCombe, Phys. Rev. B 77, 241302 (2008)
F. Ding, B. Li, N. Akopian, U. Perinetti, Y.H. Chen, F.M. Peeters, A. Rastelli, V. Zwiller, O.G. Schmidt, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 51 (2011)
M. Tadić, N. Čukarić, V. Arsoski, F.M. Peeters, Phys. Rev. B 84, 125307 (2011)
A.O. Govorov, A.V. Chaplik, JETP Lett. 66, 454 (1997)
A.V. Chaplik, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 92, 169 (2001)
M. Bayer, M. Korkusinski, P. Hawrylak, T. Gutbrod, M. Michel, A. Forchel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 186801 (2003)
M. Korkusiński, P. Hawrylak, M. Bayer, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 234, 273 (2002)
C. González-Santander, F. Domínguez-Adame, R.A. Römer, Phys. Rev. B 84, 235103 (2011)
V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, N.A.J.M. Kleemans, M. Bozkurt, P.M. Koenraad, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 245, 2657 (2008)
V.M. Fomin, V.N. Gladilin, J.T. Devreese, J.H. Blokland, P.C.M. Christianen, J.C. Maan, A.G. Taboada, D. Granados, J.M. García, N.A.J.M. Kleemans, H.C.M. van Genuchten, M. Bozkurt, P.M. Koenraad, Proc. SPIE 7364, 736402 (2009)
M. Ahmad Kamarudin, M. Hayne, R.J. Young, Q.D. Zhuang, T. Ben, S.I. Molina, Phys. Rev. B 83, 115311 (2011)
V.M. Kovalev, A.V. Chaplik, JETP Lett. 90, 679 (2009)
V.M. Kovalev, A.V. Chaplik, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 101, 686 (2005)
P. Moon, K. Park, E. Yoon, J.P. Leburton, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3, 76 (2009)
K. Niemela, P. Pietilainen, P. Hyvonen, T. Chakraborty, Europhys. Lett. 36, 533 (1996)
P.-F. Loos, P.M.W. Gill, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 083002 (2012)
S. Viefers, P. Singha Deo, S.M. Reimann, M. Manninen, M. Koskinen, Phys. Rev. B 62, 106683 (2000)
E. Räsänen, S. Pittalis, C.R. Proetto, E.K.U. Gross, Phys. Rev. B 79, 121305 (2009)
W. Zhang, Z. Su, M. Gong, C.-F. Li, G.-C. Guo, L. He, Europhys. Lett. 83, 67004 (2008)
Y. Meir, Y. Gefen, O. Entin-Wohlman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 798 (1989)
T. Meier, P. Thomas, S.W. Koch, K. Maschke, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 234, 283 (2002)
P. Potasz, A.D. Güçlü, P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. B 82, 075425 (2010)
T. Chakraborty, P. Pietilainen, Phys. Rev. B 50, 8460 (1994)
J.A. Barker, R.J. Warburton, E.P. O’Reilly, Phys. Rev. B 69, 035327 (2004)
J.I. Climente, J. Planelles, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 81 (2011)
O. Marquardt, S. Schulz, Ch. Freysoldt, S. Boeck, T. Hickel, E.P. O’Reilly, J. Neugebauer, Opt. Quantum Electron. 44, 183 (2012)
S. Bellucci, P. Onorato, Phys. Rev. B 78, 235312 (2008)
J. Schelter, P. Recher, B. Trauzettel, Solid State Commun. 52, 1411 (2012)
O.L. Chalaev, V.E. Kravtsov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 176601 (2002)
B. Baxevanis, D. Pfannkuche, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 76 (2011)
M.F. Doty, J.I. Climente, M. Korkusinski, M. Scheibner, A.S. Bracker, P. Hawrylak, D. Gammon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 047401 (2009)
S.E. Economou, J.I. Climente, A. Badolato, A.S. Bracker, D. Gammon, M.F. Doty, Phys. Rev. B 86, 085319 (2012)
S. Tanda, T. Tsuneta, Y. Okajima, K. Inagaki, K. Yamaya, N. Hatakenaka, Nature 417, 397 (2002)
J. Gravesen, M. Willatzen, Phys. Rev. A 72, 032108 (2005)
B. Lassen, M. Willatzen, J. Gravesen, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6, 68 (2011)
V.M. Fomin, S. Kiravittaya, O.G. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. B 86, 195421 (2012)
S. Russo, J.B. Oostinga, D. Wehenkel, H.B. Heersche, S.S. Sobhani, L.M.K. Vandersypen, A.F. Morpurgo, Phys. Rev. B 77, 085413 (2008)
M. Huefner, F. Molitor, A. Jacobsen, A. Pioda, C. Stampfer, K. Ensslin, T. Ihn, Phys. Status Solidi (b) 246, 2756 (2009)
M. Huefner, F. Molitor, A. Jacobsen, A. Pioda, C. Stampfer, K. Ensslin, T. Ihn, New J. Phys. 12, 043054 (2010)
B. Szafran, Phys. Rev. B 77, 205313 (2008)
B. Szafran, Phys. Rev. B 77, 235314 (2008)
L. Villegas-Lelovsky, C. Trallero-Giner, V. Lopez-Richard, G.E. Marques, C.E.P. Villegas, M.R.S. Tavares, Nanotechnology 23, 385201 (2012)
F. Suárez, D. Granados, M.L. Dotor, J.M. García, Nanotechnology 15, S126 (2004)
J. Wu, Z.M. Wang, K. Holmes, E. Marega, Y. Mazur, G. Salamo, J. Nanopart. Res. 14, 919 (2012)
J. Wu, Z.M. Wang, K. Holmes, E. Marega Jr., Z. Zhou, H. Li, Y.I. Mazur, G.J. Salamo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 203117 (2012)
Y. Ma, J. Cui, Y. Fan, Z. Zhong, Z. Jiang, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 205 (2011)
K.L. Hobbs, P.R. Larson, G.D. Lian, J.C. Keay, M.B. Johnson, Nano Lett. 4, 167 (2004)
R. Ji, W. Lee, R. Scholz, U. Gösele, K. Nielsch, Adv. Mater. 18, 2593 (2006)
J. Planelles, J.I. Climente, F. Rajadell, Physica E 33, 370 (2006)
R.A. Shelby, D.R. Smith, S. Schultz, Science 292, 77 (2001)
S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, C.M. Soukoulis, Science 306, 1351 (2004)
A.M. Fischer, V.L. Campo Jr., M.E. Portnoi, R.A. Römer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 096405 (2009)
M.F. Borunda, X. Liu, A.A. Kovalev, X.-J. Liu, T. Jungwirth, J. Sinova, Phys. Rev. B 78, 245315 (2008)
H. Ling, S. Wang, C. Lee, M. Lo, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 034504 (2009)
E. Gallardo, L.J. Martínez, A.K. Nowak, D. Sarkar, D. Sanvitto, H.P. van der Meulen, J.M. Calleja, I. Prieto, D. Granados, A.G. Taboada, J.M. García, P.A. Postigo, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, A21 (2010)
M. Abbarchi, C. Mastrandrea, A. Vinattieri, S. Sanguinetti, T. Mano, T. Kuroda, N. Koguchi, K. Sakoda, M. Gurioli, Phys. Rev. B 79, 085308 (2009)
E. Zipper, M. Kurpas, J. Sadowski, M.M. Maska, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 23, 115302 (2011)
E. Zipper, M. Kurpas, M. Maska, New J. Phys. 14, 093029 (2012)
E.R. Hedin, Y.S. Joe, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 026107 (2011)
Z.C. Wen, H.X. Wei, X.F. Han, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 122511 (2007)
Acknowledgements
I wish to express my greatest gratitude to Axel Lorke, Ian R. Sellers, Paul M. Koenraad, and Alexander O. Govorov, who have read the manuscript of the present chapter, for their critical comments and valuable suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fomin, V.M. (2014). Quantum Ring: A Unique Playground for the Quantum-Mechanical Paradigm. In: Fomin, V. (eds) Physics of Quantum Rings. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39197-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39197-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39196-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39197-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)