Skip to main content

HTLV-1 and Leukemogenesis: Virus–Cell Interactions in the Development of Adult T-Cell Leukemia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Viruses and Human Cancer

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 193))

Abstract

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was originally discovered in the early 1980s. It is the first retrovirus to be unambiguously linked causally to a human cancer. HTLV-1 currently infects approximately 20 million people worldwide. In this chapter, we review progress made over the last 30 years in our understanding of HTLV-1 infection, replication, gene expression, and cellular transformation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akagi T, Ono H et al (1996) Expression of cell-cycle regulatory genes in HTLV-I infected T-cell lines: possible involvement of Tax1 in the altered expression of cyclin D2, p18Ink4 and p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1. Oncogene 12(8):1645–1652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akagi T, Yoshino T et al (1988) Isolation of virus-producing transformants from human gastric cancer cell line, HGC-27, infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Jpn J Cancer Res 79(7):836–842

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arai M, Kannagi M et al (1998) Expression of FAP-1 (Fas-associated phosphatase) and resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in T cell lines derived from human T cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14(3):261–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariumi Y, Kaida A et al (2000) HTLV-1 tax oncoprotein represses the p53-mediated trans-activation function through coactivator CBP sequestration. Oncogene 19(12):1491–1499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee P, Sieburg M et al (2008) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells induces cell cycle arrest by modulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and survivin. Stem Cells 26(12):3047–3058

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee P, Tripp A et al (2010) Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma development in HTLV-1-infected humanized SCID mice. Blood 115(13):2640–2648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boxus M, Willems L (2012) How the DNA damage response determines the fate of HTLV-1 Tax-expressing cells. Retrovirology 9:2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavrois M, Gessain A et al (1996a) Proliferation of HTLV-1 infected circulating cells in vivo in all asymptomatic carriers and patients with TSP/HAM. Oncogene 12(11):2419–2423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavrois M, Leclercq I et al (1998) Persistent oligoclonal expansion of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected circulating cells in patients with Tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Oncogene 17(1):77–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavrois M, Wain-Hobson S et al (1996b) Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma on a background of clonally expanding human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-positive cells. Blood 88(12):4646–4650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi MM, Sung B et al (2011) NF-kappaB addiction and its role in cancer: ‘one size does not fit all’. Oncogene 30(14):1615–1630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Zachar V et al (1997) Role of the Fas/Fas ligand pathway in apoptotic cell death induced by the human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax transactivator. J Gen Virol 78(Pt 12):3277–3285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ching YP, Chan SF et al (2006) The retroviral oncoprotein Tax targets the coiled-coil centrosomal protein TAX1BP2 to induce centrosome overduplication. Nat Cell Biol 8(7):717–724

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chlichlia K, Moldenhauer G et al (1995) Immediate effects of reversible HTLV-1 tax function: T-cell activation and apoptosis. Oncogene 10(2):269–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu ZL, Shin YA et al (1999) IKKgamma mediates the interaction of cellular IkappaB kinases with the tax transforming protein of human T cell leukemia virus type 1. J Biol Chem 274(22):15297–15300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clapham P, Nagy K et al (1983) Productive infection and cell-free transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus in a nonlymphoid cell line. Science 222(4628):1125–1127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland KF, Haaksma AG et al (1994) Inhibition of apoptosis in T cells expressing human T cell leukemia virus type I Tax. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10(10):1259–1268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elovaara I, Koenig S et al (1993) High human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific precursor cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies in patients with HTLV-1-associated neurological disease. J Exp Med 177(6):1567–1573

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etoh K, Tamiya S et al (1997) Persistent clonal proliferation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I-infected cells in vivo. Cancer Res 57(21):4862–4867

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan J, Ma G et al (2010) APOBEC3G generates nonsense mutations in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proviral genomes in vivo. J Virol 84(14):7278–7287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feuer G, Fraser JK et al (1996) Human T-cell leukemia virus infection of human hematopoietic progenitor cells: maintenance of virus infection during differentiation in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 70(6):4038–4044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraedrich K, Muller B et al (2005) The HTLV-1 Tax protein binding domain of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) includes the regulatory PSTAIRE helix. Retrovirology 2:54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu J, Qu Z et al (2011) The tumor suppressor gene WWOX links the canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB pathways in HTLV-I Tax-mediated tumorigenesis. Blood 117(5):1652–1661

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Shiku H (1995) Differences in sensitivity to induction of apoptosis among rat fibroblast cells transformed by HTLV-I tax gene or cellular nuclear oncogenes. Oncogene 11(1):15–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto R, Andresen V et al (2009) In vivo genetic mutations define predominant functions of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus p12I protein. Blood 113(16):3726–3734

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa Y, Kubota R et al (2001) Existence of escape mutant in HTLV-I tax during the development of adult T-cell leukemia. Blood 97(4):987–993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallo RC (2005) History of the discoveries of the first human retroviruses: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Oncogene 24(39):5926–5930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaudray G, Gachon F et al (2002) The complementary strand of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 RNA genome encodes a bZIP transcription factor that down-regulates viral transcription. J Virol 76(24):12813–12822

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gessain A (2011) Human retrovirus HTLV-1: descriptive and molecular epidemiology, origin, evolution, diagnosis and associated diseases. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 104(3):167–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghez D, Lepelletier Y et al (2006) Neuropilin-1 is involved in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 entry. J Virol 80(14):6844–6854

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves DU, Proietti FA et al (2010) Epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 23(3):577–589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good L, Sun SC (1996) Persistent activation of NF-kappa B/Rel by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax involves degradation of I kappa B beta. J Virol 70(5):2730–2735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant C, Barmak K et al (2002) Human T cell leukemia virus type I and neurologic disease: events in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and central nervous system during normal immune surveillance and neuroinflammation. J Cell Physiol 190(2):133–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grassmann R, Berchtold S et al (1992) Role of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 X region proteins in immortalization of primary human lymphocytes in culture. J Virol 66(7):4570–4575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green JE, Hinrichs SH et al (1989) Exocrinopathy resembling Sjogren’s syndrome in HTLV-1 tax transgenic mice. Nature 341(6237):72–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall AP, Irvine J et al (1998) Tumours derived from HTLV-I tax transgenic mice are characterized by enhanced levels of apoptosis and oncogene expression. J Pathol 186(2):209–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haller K, Wu Y et al (2002) Physical interaction of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 stimulates the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Mol Cell Biol 22(10):3327–3338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1):57–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144(5):646–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haoudi A, Semmes OJ (2003) The HTLV-1 tax oncoprotein attenuates DNA damage induced G1 arrest and enhances apoptosis in p53 null cells. Virology 305(2):229–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harhaj EW, Sun SC (1999) IKKgamma serves as a docking subunit of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) and mediates interaction of IKK with the human T-cell leukemia virus Tax protein. J Biol Chem 274(33):22911–22914

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa H, Sawa H et al (2006) Thymus-derived leukemia-lymphoma in mice transgenic for the Tax gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Nat Med 12(4):466–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayami M, Tsujimoto H et al (1984) Transmission of adult T-cell leukemia virus from lymphoid cells to non-lymphoid cells associated with cell membrane fusion. Gann 75(2):99–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichs SH, Nerenberg M et al (1987) A transgenic mouse model for human neurofibromatosis. Science 237(4820):1340–1343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinuma Y, Nagata K et al (1981) Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78(10):6476–6480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirai H, Fujisawa J et al (1992) Transcriptional activator Tax of HTLV-1 binds to the NF-kappa B precursor p105. Oncogene 7(9):1737–1742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiramatsu K, Masuda M et al (1986) Mode of transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV I) in a human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cell. Int J Cancer 37(4):601–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho DD, Rota TR et al (1984) Infection of human endothelial cells by human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81(23):7588–7590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC et al (2003) Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science 299(5613):1713–1716

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iha H, Kibler KV et al (2003) Segregation of NF-kappaB activation through NEMO/IKKgamma by Tax and TNFalpha: implications for stimulus-specific interruption of oncogenic signaling. Oncogene 22(55):8912–8923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwakura Y, Tosu M et al (1991) Induction of inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-I. Science 253(5023):1026–1028

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwanaga R, Ohtani K et al (2001) Molecular mechanism of cell cycle progression induced by the oncogene product Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Oncogene 20(17):2055–2067

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwanaga R, Ozono E et al (2008) Activation of the cyclin D2 and cdk6 genes through NF-kappaB is critical for cell-cycle progression induced by HTLV-I Tax. Oncogene 27(42):5635–5642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson S, Shida H et al (1990) Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease. Nature 348(6298):245–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeang KT (2010) HTLV-1 and adult T-cell leukemia: insights into viral transformation of cells 30 years after virus discovery. J Formos Med Assoc 109(10):688–693

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin DY, Spencer F et al (1998) Human T cell Leukemia virus type 1 oncoprotein Tax targets the human mitotic checkpoint protein MAD1. Cell 93(1):81–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin DY, Giordano V et al (1999) Role of adapter function in oncoprotein-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax interacts directly with IkappaB kinase gamma. J Biol Chem 274(25):17402–17405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones KS, Akel S et al (2005) Induction of human T cell leukemia virus type I receptors on quiescent naive T lymphocytes by TGF-beta. J Immunol 174(7):4262–4270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones KS, Lambert S et al (2011) Molecular aspects of HTLV-1 entry: functional domains of the HTLV-1 surface subunit (SU) and their relationships to the entry receptors. Viruses 3(6):794–810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones KS, Petrow-Sadowski C et al (2008) Cell-free HTLV-1 infects dendritic cells leading to transmission and transformation of CD4(+) T cells. Nat Med 14(4):429–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung KJ, Dasgupta A et al (2008) Small-molecule inhibitor which reactivates p53 in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed cells. J Virol 82(17):8537–8547

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannagi M, Harada S et al (1991) Predominant recognition of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) pX gene products by human CD8+ cytotoxic T cells directed against HTLV-I-infected cells. Int Immunol 3(8):761–767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao SY, Lemoine FJ et al (2000) HTLV-1 Tax protein sensitizes cells to apoptotic cell death induced by DNA damaging agents. Oncogene 19(18):2240–2248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasai T, Jeang KT (2004) Two discrete events, human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax oncoprotein expression and a separate stress stimulus, are required for induction of apoptosis in T-cells. Retrovirology 1:7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawakami A, Nakashima T et al (1999) Inhibition of caspase cascade by HTLV-I tax through induction of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Blood 94(11):3847–3854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kehn K, Fuente Cde L et al (2005) The HTLV-I Tax oncoprotein targets the retinoblastoma protein for proteasomal degradation. Oncogene 24(4):525–540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinjo T, Ham-Terhune J et al (2010) Induction of reactive oxygen species by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax correlates with DNA damage and expression of cellular senescence marker. J Virol 84(10):5431–5437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishi S, Saijyo S et al (1997) Resistance to fas-mediated apoptosis of peripheral T cells in human T lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV-I) transgenic mice with autoimmune arthropathy. J Exp Med 186(1):57–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koiwa T, Hamano-Usami A et al (2002) 5′-long terminal repeat-selective CpG methylation of latent human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 76(18):9389–9397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyanagi Y, Itoyama Y et al (1993) In vivo infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in non-T cells. Virology 196(1):25–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger A, Fas SC et al (2006) HTLV-1 Tax protects against CD95-mediated apoptosis by induction of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Blood 107(10):3933–3939

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon H, Ogle L et al (2005) Lethal cutaneous disease in transgenic mice conditionally expressing type I human T cell leukemia virus Tax. J Biol Chem 280(42):35713–35722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert S, Bouttier M et al (2009) HTLV-1 uses HSPG and neuropilin-1 for entry by molecular mimicry of VEGF165. Blood 113(21):5176–5185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemasson I, Thebault S et al (1998) Activation of E2F-mediated transcription by human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein in a p16(INK4A)-negative T-cell line. J Biol Chem 273(36):23598–23604

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemoine FJ, Marriott SJ (2002) Genomic instability driven by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) oncoprotein, Tax. Oncogene 21(47):7230–7234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeVasseur RJ, Southern SO et al (1998) Mammary epithelial cells support and transfer productive human T-cell lymphotropic virus infections. J Hum Virol 1(3):214–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Kesic M et al (2009) Kinetic analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 gene expression in cell culture and infected animals. J Virol 83(8):3788–3797

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Hong S et al (2005) HTLV-I Tax directly binds the Cdc20-associated anaphase-promoting complex and activates it ahead of schedule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(1):63–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Low KG, Dorner LF et al (1997) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax releases cell cycle arrest induced by p16INK4a. J Virol 71(3):1956–1962

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macatonia SE, Cruickshank JK et al (1992) Dendritic cells from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis are infected with HTLV-1 and stimulate autologous lymphocyte proliferation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8(9):1699–1706

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggirwar SB, Harhaj E et al (1995) Activation of NF-kappa B/Rel by Tax involves degradation of I kappa B alpha and is blocked by a proteasome inhibitor. Oncogene 11(5):993–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahieux R, Gessain A (2005) New human retroviruses: HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. Med Trop (Mars) 65(6):525–528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahieux R, Gessain A (2009) The human HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 retroviruses: new members of the HTLV family. Pathol Biol (Paris) 57(2):161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majone F, Semmes OJ et al (1993) Induction of micronuclei by HTLV-I Tax: a cellular assay for function. Virology 193(1):456–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manel N, Kim FJ et al (2003) The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV. Cell 115(4):449–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott SJ, Lemoine FJ et al (2002) Damaged DNA and miscounted chromosomes: human T cell leukemia virus type I tax oncoprotein and genetic lesions in transformed cells. J Biomed Sci 9(4):292–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott SJ, Semmes OJ (2005) Impact of HTLV-I Tax on cell cycle progression and the cellular DNA damage repair response. Oncogene 24(39):5986–5995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M, Jeang KT (2007) Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation. Nat Rev Cancer 7(4):270–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M, Jeang KT (2011) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and leukemic transformation: viral infectivity, Tax, HBZ and therapy. Oncogene 30(12):1379–1389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura E, Yamano Y et al (2010) Neuroimmunity of HTLV-I Infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 5(3):310–325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKinsey TA, Brockman JA et al (1996) Inactivation of IkappaBbeta by the tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: a potential mechanism for constitutive induction of NF-kappaB. Mol Cell Biol 16(5):2083–2090

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki M, Yasunaga J et al (2007) Preferential selection of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus lacking the 5′ long terminal repeat during oncogenesis. J Virol 81(11):5714–5723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazato A, Sheleg S et al (2005) Evidence for NF-kappaB- and CBP-independent repression of p53’s transcriptional activity by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax in mouse embryo and primary human fibroblasts. J Virol 79(14):9346–9350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I et al (1981) Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells. Nature 294(5843):770–771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori N (1997) High levels of the DNA-binding activity of E2F in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected cells: possible enhancement of DNA-binding of E2F by the human T-cell leukemia virus I transactivating protein, Tax. Eur J Haematol 58(2):114–120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori N, Fujii M et al (2001) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax protein induces the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL in human T-cells through nuclear factor-kappaB and c-AMP responsive element binding protein pathways. Virus Genes 22(3):279–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortreux F, Kazanji M et al (2001) Two-step nature of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 replication in experimentally infected squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Virol 75(2):1083–1089

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moules V, Pomier C et al (2005) Fate of premalignant clones during the asymptomatic phase preceding lymphoid malignancy. Cancer Res 65(4):1234–1243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulloy JC, Kislyakova T et al (1998) Human T-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type 1 Tax abrogates p53-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through its CREB/ATF functional domain. J Virol 72(11):8852–8860

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murata K, Hayashibara T et al (2006) A novel alternative splicing isoform of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 bZIP factor (HBZ-SI) targets distinct subnuclear localization. J Virol 80(5):2495–2505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai M, Brennan MB et al (2001) CD8(+) T cells are an in vivo reservoir for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. Blood 98(6):1858–1861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nejmeddine M, Barnard AL et al (2005) Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1, tax protein triggers microtubule reorientation in the virological synapse. J Biol Chem 280(33):29653–29660

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nerenberg M, Hinrichs SH et al (1987) The tat gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 induces mesenchymal tumors in transgenic mice. Science 237(4820):1324–1329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicot C, Harrod R (2000) Distinct p300-responsive mechanisms promote caspase-dependent apoptosis by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax protein. Mol Cell Biol 20(22):8580–8589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicot C, Mahieux R et al (2000) Bcl-X(L) is up-regulated by HTLV-I and HTLV-II in vitro and in ex vivo ATLL samples. Blood 96(1):275–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitta T, Kanai M et al (2006) Centrosome amplification in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax-induced human T cells. Cancer Sci 97(9):836–841

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohtani K, Iwanaga R et al (2000) Cell type-specific E2F activation and cell cycle progression induced by the oncogene product Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. J Biol Chem 275(15):11154–11163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto K, Fujisawa J et al (2006) Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I oncoprotein Tax inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis by inducing cellular FLIP through activation of NF-kappaB. Genes Cells 11(2):177–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono A, Miura T et al (1994) Subtype analysis of HTLV-1 in patients with HTLV-1 uveitis. Jpn J Cancer Res 85(8):767–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pais-Correia AM, Sachse M et al (2010) Biofilm-like extracellular viral assemblies mediate HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses. Nat Med 16(1):83–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peloponese JM Jr, Haller K et al (2005) Abnormal centrosome amplification in cells through the targeting of Ran-binding protein-1 by the human T cell leukemia virus type-1 Tax oncoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(52):18974–18979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins ND (2012) The diverse and complex roles of NF-kappaB subunits in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 12(2):121–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petropoulos L, Lin R et al (1996) Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 tax protein increases NF-kappa B dimer formation and antagonizes the inhibitory activity of the I kappa B alpha regulatory protein. Virology 225(1):52–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinon JD, Klasse PJ et al (2003) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp46 interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Virol 77(18):9922–9930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pise-Masison CA, Radonovich M et al (2002) Transcription profile of cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I compared with activated lymphocytes. Cancer Res 62(12):3562–3571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW et al (1980) Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77(12):7415–7419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomier C, Alcaraz MT et al (2008) Early and transient reverse transcription during primary deltaretroviral infection of sheep. Retrovirology 5:16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB et al (2005) Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. Oncogene 24(39):6058–6068

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qu Z, Xiao G (2011) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus: a model of NF-kappaB-associated tumorigenesis. Viruses 3(6):714–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch DA, Ratner L (2011) Targeting HTLV-1 activation of NFkappaB in mouse models and ATLL patients. Viruses 3(6):886–900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saggioro D, Majone F et al (1994) Tax protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type I triggers DNA damage. Leuk Lymphoma 12(3–4):281–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santiago F, Clark E et al (1999) Transcriptional up-regulation of the cyclin D2 gene and acquisition of new cyclin-dependent kinase partners in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cells. J Virol 73(12):9917–9927

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satou Y, Yasunaga J et al (2006) HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(3):720–725

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt I, Rosin O et al (1998) Stimulation of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and G1- to S-phase transition in human lymphocytes by the human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax protein. J Virol 72(1):633–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semmes OJ, Majone F et al (1996) HTLV-I and HTLV-II Tax: differences in induction of micronuclei in cells and transcriptional activation of viral LTRs. Virology 217(1):373–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suemori K, Fujiwara H et al (2009) HBZ is an immunogenic protein, but not a target antigen for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Gen Virol 90(Pt 8):1806–1811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Hirai H et al (1993) A trans-activator Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 binds to NF-kappa B p50 and serum response factor (SRF) and associates with enhancer DNAs of the NF-kappa B site and CArG box. Oncogene 8(9):2391–2397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Hirai H et al (1995) Tax protein of HTLV-1 destabilizes the complexes of NF-kappa B and I kappa B-alpha and induces nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B for transcriptional activation. Oncogene 10(6):1199–1207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Hirai H et al (1994) Tax protein of HTLV-1 interacts with the Rel homology domain of NF-kappa B p65 and c-Rel proteins bound to the NF-kappa B binding site and activates transcription. Oncogene 9(11):3099–3105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Narita T et al (1999) Down-regulation of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors by tax protein of HTLV-1 through two distinct mechanisms. Virology 259(2):384–391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabakin-Fix Y, Azran I et al (2006) Functional inactivation of p53 by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein: mechanisms and clinical implications. Carcinogenesis 27(4):673–681

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takatsuki K (2005) Discovery of adult T-cell leukemia. Retrovirology 2:16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda S, Maeda M et al (2004) Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of tax gene in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 109(4):559–567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamiya S, Matsuoka M et al (1996) Two types of defective human T-lymphotropic virus type I provirus in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood 88(8):3065–3073

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Takahashi C et al (1990) Oncogenic transformation by the tax gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87(3):1071–1075

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi Y, Nosaka K et al (2005) Silencing of human T-cell leukemia virus type I gene transcription by epigenetic mechanisms. Retrovirology 2:64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripp A, Banerjee P et al (2005) Induction of cell cycle arrest by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax in hematopoietic progenitor (CD34+) cells: modulation of p21cip1/waf1 and p27kip1 expression. J Virol 79(22):14069–14078

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripp A, Liu Y et al (2003) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax oncoprotein suppression of multilineage hematopoiesis of CD34+ cells in vitro. J Virol 77(22):12152–12164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukahara T, Kannagi M et al (1999) Induction of Bcl-x(L) expression by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax through NF-kappaB in apoptosis-resistant T-cell transfectants with Tax. J Virol 73(10):7981–7987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Prooyen N, Gold H et al (2010) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 p8 protein increases cellular conduits and virus transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(48):20738–20743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldele K, Silbermann K et al (2006) Requirement of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) tax-stimulated HIAP-1 gene for the survival of transformed lymphocytes. Blood 107(11):4491–4499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe M, Ohsugi T et al (2005) Dual targeting of transformed and untransformed HTLV-1-infected T cells by DHMEQ, a potent and selective inhibitor of NF-kappaB, as a strategy for chemoprevention and therapy of adult T-cell leukemia. Blood 106(7):2462–2471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T (2011) Current status of HTLV-1 infection. Int J Hematol 94(5):430–434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Seiki M et al (1983) Retrovirus terminology. Science 222(4629):1178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wattel E, Cavrois M et al (1996) Clonal expansion of infected cells: a way of life for HTLV-I. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 13(Suppl 1):S92–S99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wattel E, Vartanian JP et al (1995) Clonal expansion of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected cells in asymptomatic and symptomatic carriers without malignancy. J Virol 69(5):2863–2868

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao G, Cvijic ME et al (2001) Retroviral oncoprotein Tax induces processing of NF-kappaB2/p100 in T cells: evidence for the involvement of IKKalpha. EMBO J 20(23):6805–6815

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao G, Harhaj EW et al (2000) Domain-specific interaction with the I kappa B kinase (IKK)regulatory subunit IKK gamma is an essential step in tax-mediated activation of IKK. J Biol Chem 275(44):34060–34067

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada T, Yamaoka S et al (1994) The human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein induces apoptosis which is blocked by the Bcl-2 protein. J Virol 68(5):3374–3379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamano Y, Nagai M et al (2002) Correlation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mRNA with proviral DNA load, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, and disease severity in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). Blood 99(1):88–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Kotomura N et al (2011) Complex cell cycle abnormalities caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax. J Virol 85(6):3001–3009

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasunaga J, Matsuoka M (2011) Molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis. Int J Hematol 94(5):435–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida M, Miyoshi I et al (1982) Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79(6):2031–2035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zane L, Sibon D et al (2009) Clonal expansion of HTLV-1 infected cells depends on the CD4 versus CD8 phenotype. Front Biosci 14:3935–3941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhi H, Yang L et al (2011) NF-kappaB hyper-activation by HTLV-1 tax induces cellular senescence, but can be alleviated by the viral anti-sense protein HBZ. PLoS Pathog 7(4):e1002025

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Work in our laboratory is supported in part by intramural funding from the NIAID and by the IATAP program from the Office of the Director, NIH. We thank Lauren Lee for her assistance in the preparation of the figures.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuan-Teh Jeang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zane, L., Jeang, KT. (2014). HTLV-1 and Leukemogenesis: Virus–Cell Interactions in the Development of Adult T-Cell Leukemia. In: Chang, M., Jeang, KT. (eds) Viruses and Human Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 193. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38965-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38965-8_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38964-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38965-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics