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Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Grundlagen und Herausforderungen für den Public Health-Sektor

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Klimawandel und Gesundheit

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Zusammenfassung

Der Klimawandel kann an verschiedenen Ereignissen wie z. B. der zunehmenden Erderwärmung, dem Anstieg von Extremwetterereignissen, Starkniederschlägen, Trockenperioden etc. festgemacht werden. Diese haben direkte bzw. indirekte Folgen sowohl für die Gesundheit einzelner Menschen, als auch für die gesamte Bevölkerung. Insbesondere bei der Krankheitslast durch Infektionskrankheiten und nicht-infektiöse Erkrankungen lassen sich klimawandelbedingte Veränderungen erkennen, aber auch die Krankheitslast durch Verletzungen, Migrationen und gewaltsame Konflikte wird durch den Klimawandel beeinflusst. Das Ausmaß und die Art der Klimawandelfolgen hängen stark von der Vulnerabilität einer Region, eines Systems oder einer Bevölkerungsgruppe ab. Diese ist bei der Planung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel zu berücksichtigen. Flankierend dazu sollten auch in Zukunft Maßnahmen des Klimaschutzes vorangetrieben werden. Auf all die genannten Aspekte wird in diesem Kapitel einführend eingegangen und es werden die Herausforderungen für den Public Health- Bereich herausgearbeitet.

Abstract

Climate change can be recognized e.g. by means of global warming, an increasing number of extreme weather events, strong precipitation and droughts in different regions of the world. These climate change-related phenomena cause direct as well as indirect consequences on human health both for individuals and populations. Particularly in terms of communicable and non-communicable diseases, climate change-related changes in the disease burden can be observed. However, the disease burden from injuries, migration, violent conflicts can be influenced by climate change or weather effects. The kind and extent of climate change-related health consequences are influenced by the level of the vulnerability of the affected system or region. This needs to be considered for the development and implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. Besides adaptation, mitigation needs to be promoted. Our introductory chapter will address all these aspects including the related challenges for the Public Health sector.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Mit ppm (Teile pro Million) oder ppb (Teile pro Milliarde) wird das Verhältnis der Anzahl von trockenen Treibhausmolekülen zur Gesamtzahl der Moleküle in trockener Luft ausgedrückt (IPCC 2007).

  2. 2.

    DALY ist eine Maßzahl, die im Rahmen von Burden of Disease (BoD) Berechnungen genutzt wird. DALY kombiniert Daten zu Sterblichkeit und Erkrankung in einer Maßzahl. So kann die gesamte Krankheitslast (insgesamt oder für bestimmte Erkrankungen/Verletzungen/Risikofaktoren) vergleichbar (z. B. zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen oder geografischen Räumen) dargestellt werden. DALYs setzen sich aus den BoD-Maßzahlen YLL (Years of Life Lost due to premature death [Mortalitätskomponente]) und YLD (Years of life Lost due to Disability [Morbiditätskomponente]) zusammen (Lopez et al. 2006).

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  1. AG 2 Bevölkerungsmedizin und biomedizinische Grundlagen, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Deutschland

    Alexander Krämer, Tanja Wörmann & Heiko J. Jahn

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  1. Alexander Krämer
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  1. AG 2 Bevölkerungsmedizin und biomedizinische Grundlagen, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Heiko J. Jahn

  2. AG 2 Bevölkerungsmedizin und biomedizinische Grundlagen, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Alexander Krämer

  3. Fakultät für Gesundheitswesen, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Tanja Wörmann

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Krämer, A., Wörmann, T., Jahn, H. (2013). Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Grundlagen und Herausforderungen für den Public Health-Sektor. In: Jahn, H., Krämer, A., Wörmann, T. (eds) Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38839-2_1

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