Skip to main content

Medical Malpractice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Forensic Medicine

Abstract

Depending on the prevailing legal situation, physicians can be made liable for medical malpractice. The majority of cases involve civil claims for damages and compensation. Although rarer, criminal charges are generally brought in the form of claims of negligent bodily harm or negligent homicide. However, claims of breach of a duty of care, illegal bodily harm despite the patient’s consent, illegal termination of a pregnancy, issuing an erroneous medical certificate, as well as culpable homicide upon patient request are also seen. In addition, professional sanctions in the case of culpable medical error are also possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Selected References and Further Reading

  • Allan E, Barker K (1990) Fundamentals of medication error research. Am J Hosp Pharm 47:555–571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann DE, Clancy C, Blendon RJ (2004) Improving patient safety—five years after the IOM report. N Engl J Med 351:2041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Medical Association (AMA) (2001) Code of medical ethics. Opinion 8.121: ethical responsibility to study and prevent error and harm (Revised June 2001), Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2002) Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in newborns. ACOG Committee Opinion 279. Washington DC, ACOG

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RE (ed) (2005) Medical malpractice. A physician’s sourcebook. Humana Press, Totowa

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews LB, Stocking C, Krizek T, Gottlieb L, Krizek C, Vargish T, Siegler M (1997) An alternative strategy for studying adverse events in medical care. Lancet 349:309–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker KN, Flynn EA, Pepper GA, Bates DW, Mikeal RL (2002) Medication errors observed in 36 health care facilities. Arch Intern Med 162:1897–1903

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedell S, Deitz D, Leeman D, Delbanco T (1991) Incidence and characteristics of preventable iatrogenic cardiac arrests. JAMA 265:2815–2820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg S (ed) (1992) Unerwartete Todesfälle in Klinik und Praxis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings C (1998) Incident reporting systems in medicine and experience with the aviation safety reporting systems. In: A tale of two stories: contrasting views of patient safety. National Patient Safety Foundation/American Medical Association, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Bismark M, Dauer E, Paterson R, Studdert D (2006) Accountability sought by patients following adverse events from medical care: the New Zealand experience. CMAJ 175:889–894

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bove KE, Iery C (2002) The role of the autopsy in medical malpractice cases II. Arch Pathol Lab Med 126:1032–1035

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan TA (2000) The Institute of Medicine reports on medical errors—could it do harm? N Engl J Med 342:1123–1125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird N, Hebert L, Localia AR, Lawthers AG et al (1991) Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. N Engl J Med 324:370–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan TA, Sox CM, Burstin HR (1966) Relation between negligent adverse events and the outcomes of medical malpractice litigation. N Engl J Med 33:1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, Burke JP (1992) Computerized surveillance of adverse drug events in hospital patients. JAMA 266:2847–2851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danzon PM (1994) The Swedish patient compensation system: lessons for the United States. J Leg Med 15:199–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R (2001) Medizin & Recht für Ärzte. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R, Driever F, Becker A, Wiestler OD, Madea B (2001) Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to an accidental intrathecal vincristin administration: a report of two cases. Forensic Sci Int 122:60–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R, Egl M, Madea B (2005) Medical malpractice charges in Germany—role of the forensic pathologist in the preliminary criminal proceeding. J Forensic Sci 50:423–427

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R, Madea B (1999) Rechtsmedizinische Gutachten in arztstrafrechtlichen Ermittlungsverfahren. Medizinrecht 17:533–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R, Preuss J, Madea B (2004) Malpractice—role of the forensic pathologist in Germany. Forensic Sci Int 144:265–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmeyer R, Reber A (2003) Exitus in tabula. Anästhesiologische und medizinrechtliche Aspekte. Der Anästhesist 52:1179–1190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois R, Brook R (1988) Preventable deaths: who, how often, and why? Ann Intern Med 109:582–589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara SD (2013) Medical malpractice and legal medicine. Int J Leg Med 127:541–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forster AJ, Shojania KG (2005) Improving patient safety: moving beyond the “hype” of medical errors. CMAJ 173:893–894

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franchitto N, Minville V, Dedouit F, Telmon N, Rouge D (2012) Medical responsibility in the operating room: the example of an amniotic fluid embolism. J Forensic Sci 57:1120–1123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman L, Sayson R, Robbins S, Cohn LH, Bettman M, Weisberg M (1983) The value of the autopsy in three medical eras. N Engl J Med 308:1000–1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heitmiller E, Martinez E, Pronovost PJ (2007) Identifying and learning from mistakes. Anesthesiology 106:654–656

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiestand FJ (2005) What every doctor should know about litigation: a primer on how to win medical malpractice lawsuits. In: Anderson RE (ed) Medical malpractice. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 11–33

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hilfiker D (1984) Facing our mistakes. N Engl J Med 310:118–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn L, Corrigan J, Donaldson MS (eds) (1999a) Institute of Medicine (IOM). To err is human: building a safer health system. National Academy Press, Washington D.C

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS (1999b) To err is human: building a safer health care system. Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Leape LL (1994) Error in medicine. JAMA 272:1851–1857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leape LL, Berwick DM, Bates DW (2002) What practices will most improve safety? Evidence-based medicine meets patients safety. JAMA 288:501–507

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesar TS, Briceland L, Stein DA (1997) Factors related to errors in medication prescribing. JAMA 277:312–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy MM, Rapoport J, Lemeshow S, Chalfin DB, Philipps G, Danis M (2008) Association between critical care physician management and patient mortality in the intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 148:801–809

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lignitz E, Mattig W (1989) Der iatrogene Schaden. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Link J (1985) Das Anästhesierisiko. Komplikationen, Herzstillstände und Todesfälle. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Matshes E, Joseph J (2012) Pathologic evaluation of the cervical spine following surgical and chiropractic interventions. J Forensic Sci 57:113–119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLennan S (2012) Accessing justice after an adverse event: an international perspective. In: Schmidt KW, Sold M, Verrel T (eds) Zum Umgang mit Behandlungsfehlern. Lit-Verlag, Berlin, pp 263–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Medical Malpractice Systems around the Globe: Examples from the US-tort liability system and the Sweden – no fault system. Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP). Human Development Sector Unit. Europe and Central Asia Region. World Bank Document

    Google Scholar 

  • Mierzewski P, Pennanen P (2007) Health for all! Human rights for all!! Patient safety for all!!! Recommendation Rec (2006)7 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe member states on management of patient safety and prevention of adverse events in health care. In: Madea B, Dettmeyer R (eds) Medizinschadensfälle und Patientensicherheit. Häufigkeit – Begutachtung – Prophylaxe. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr JC (2000) American medical malpractice litigation in historical perspective. JAMA 283:1731–1737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Özdemir MH, Cekin N, Can IÖ, Hilal A (2005) Malpractice and system of expertise in anaestetic procedures in Turkey. Forensic Sci Int 153:161–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Özdemir MH, Ergönen TA, Can IÖ (2009) Medical malpractice claims involving children. Forensic Sci Int 191:80–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philipps DP, Christenfeld N, Glynn L (1998) Increase in US medication-error deaths between 1983 and 1993. Lancet 351:643–644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posner KL, Caplan RA, Cheney FW (1996) Variation in expert opinion in medical malpractice review. Anesthesiology 85:1049

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preuss J, Dettmeyer R, Madea B (2007a) Spezielle Fallgruppen aus der BMGS-Studie: Exitus in tabula. In: Madea B, Dettmeyer R (eds) Medizinschadensfälle und Patientensicherheit. Häufigkeit – Begutachtung – Prophylaxe. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln, pp 127–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Preuss J, Dettmeyer R, Madea B (2007b) Spezielle Fallgruppen aus der BMGS-Studie: Vorwurf der fehlerhaften Arzneimitteltherapie/Medikationszwischenfälle. In: Madea B, Dettmeyer R (eds) Medizinschadensfälle und Patientensicherheit. Häufigkeit – Begutachtung – Prophylaxe. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln, pp 139–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Preuss J, Dettmeyer R, Madea B (2005) Begutachtung behaupteter letaler und nicht-letaler Behandlungsfehler im Fach Rechtsmedizin. Bundesweite Multicenter-Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit und Soziales (BMGS). http://www.bmgs.bund.de/deu/gra/publikationen/pforschung.php

  • Rao R, Ely S, Hoffmann R (1999) Deaths related to liposuction. N Engl J Med 340:1471–1475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roehr B (2012) US hospital incident reporting systems do not capture most adverse events. Br Med J 344:e386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sage WM (2003) Medical liability and patient safety. Health Aff 22:26–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sage WM (2004) The forgotten third: liability insurance and the medical malpractice crisis. Health Aff 23:10–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto N, Maeda S, Ikeda N, Ishibashi H, Nobutomo K (2002) The use of experts in medical malpractice litigation in Japan. Med Sci Law 42:200–206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saukko P (2007) Behandlungsfehlerbegutachtung und –regulierung in Finnland. In: Madea B, Dettmeyer R (eds) Medizinschadensfälle und Patientensicherheit. Häufigkeit – Begutachtung – Prophylaxe. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln, pp 225–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider JM (2005) Malpractice and medical practice: obstetrics and gynecology. In: Anderson RE (ed) Medical malpractice. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 139–151

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schrag S, Gorwitz R, Fultz-Butts K, Schuchat A (2002) Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease – revised guidelines from CDC. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 151(R11):1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwappach D, Boluarte TA (2008) The emotional impact of medical error involvement on physicians: a call for leadership and organisational accountability. Swiss Med Wkly 138:9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Struve CT (2004) Improving the medical malpractice litigation process. Health Aff 23:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stojanovic I, Milic M, Ilic G, Antovic A, Todorovic S, Trandafilovic M (2013) Ruptured splenic artery aneurysm in the 35th week of pregnancy. Medical error or bad luck? Case report. Rom J Leg Med 21:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas AN, Pilkington CE, Greer R (2003) Critical incident reporting in UK intensive care units: a postal survey. J Eval Clin Pract 9:59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF (1988) Risk factors for falls among the elderly. N Engl J Med 320:1055–1059

    Google Scholar 

  • Tournet G, Bécart-Robert A, Courtin P, Hédouin V, Gosset D (2006) Fatal accidental intrathecal injection of vendesine. J Forensic Sci 51:1166–1168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Troxel DB (1999) Malpractice claims involving breast pathology. Pathol Case Rev 4:224–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Troxel DB (2000) Diagnostic errors in surgical pathology uncovered by a review of malpractice claims. Int J Surg Pathol 8:335–337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valentin A, Capuzzo M, Guidet B, Moreno R, Metnitz B, Bauer P, Metnitz P (2009) Research Group on Quality Improvement of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM): Sentinel Evaluation (SEE) Study Investigators, Errors in administration of parenteral drugs in intensive care units: multinational prospective study. BMJ 338:814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent C (2003) Understanding and responding to adverse events. N Engl J Med 348:1051–1056

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vinz H, Neu J (2007) Malpractice claims relating to the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis – decisions of the Norddeutsche Schlichtungsstelle (Expert panel for extrajudicial claims resolution of the Medical Associations in Northern Germany). Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 101:553–563

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warden JC, Borton CL, Horan BF (1994) Mortality associated with anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984–1990. Med J Aust 161:585–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterman AD, Garbutt J, Hazel E et al (2007) The emotional impact of medical errors on practicing physicians in the United States and Canada. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 33:467–476

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiler PC, Hiatt HH, Newhouse JP, Johnson WG, Brennan TA, Leape LL (1993) A measure of malpractice. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2002) Safety of Medicines. A guide to detecting and reporting adverse drug reactions. WHO/EDM/QSM/2002.2.Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of care: patient safety. Document A55/13 (2002) and EB113/37 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dettmeyer, R.B., Verhoff, M.A., Schütz, H.F. (2014). Medical Malpractice. In: Forensic Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38818-7_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38818-7_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38817-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38818-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics