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DNA Origami

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Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 29))

Abstract

The use of DNA as a building material for designing nanoscale objects is one of the exciting fields of nanotechnology. DNA origami, specifically, has only recently emerged as an extension of smaller folded DNA units since the appearance of immobile junctions and the assortment of structures that followed. DNA origami is the folding of a long single strand of DNA with many short complimentary oligonucleotides that act as “staples,” in which hybridization of duplex DNA through Watson–Crick base pairing drives assembly without the use of restriction enzymes or DNA ligase to construct the final two- or three-dimensional form (Rothemund 2006). This technique is valuable primarily due to the multi-nanometer to sub-micrometer scale of the structures produced and their finite nature, which offers greater control over self-assembly within a system in comparison to previously synthesized array structures that had the capacity to extend indefinitely (Mao et al. 1999a). The increasing complexity of structures produced parallels the technological advances in other areas as the availability of computing power and decreasing cost of creating synthetic oligonucleotides gave way to the first true DNA origami structures in 2006 (Rothemund 2006).

Arriving at multidimensional, precise origami assemblies provides a platform for spatial organization of other functional materials. Overhangs of oligonucleotides within the structure can be used as a specific address for heteroelements such as other DNA molecules (Rothemund 2006), RNA (Ke et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2010; Subramanian et al. 2011; Rinker et al. 2008), proteins (Voigt et al. 2010; Shen et al. 2009), carbon nanotubes (Maune et al. 2010), metallic nanoparticles (Zheng et al. 2012; Ding et al. 2010a, b; Hung et al. 2009; Sharma et al. 2008; Pal et al. 2009), and quantum dots (Stearns et al. 2009; Bui et al. 2010; Tikhomirov et al. 2011) with nanometer precision. The defined and highly stable structure of DNA as a scaffold has great potential for enabling self-assembly of increasingly intricate systems, with applications that can be extended into almost any field of biochemistry, chemistry, or biophysics. In this chapter we will discuss the principles of designing DNA origami structures, the methods by which nanoscale assembly has been developed with increasing complexity, tools for creating and analyzing DNA structures, and examples of the functional applications of DNA origami.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Angela Edwards & Hao Yan

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  1. Angela Edwards
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  2. Hao Yan
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Correspondence to Angela Edwards .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Jørgen Kjems

  2. Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Elena Ferapontova

  3. Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Kurt V. Gothelf

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Edwards, A., Yan, H. (2014). DNA Origami. In: Kjems, J., Ferapontova, E., Gothelf, K. (eds) Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38815-6_5

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