Abstract
The role of metals in living organisms is considered on the basis of abundance of metalloproteins and metallometabolites and the occurrence of environmental hazards caused by metals lixiviation and mobility from soils, industrial and mining wastes, which contribute to plant uptake, and can finally get to man from seed and vegetal foods. Intake by plants of toxic metals such as mercury, arsenic, and cadmium, and the transformation that suffers in the organism, as well as the alteration of metabolism represents a valuable appraisal of organism’s behavior under the presence of deleterious metals as well as their traffic along the components of cell and tissues, and the interaction with essential elements. Recent analytical approaches to obtain massive information from complex living organisms, such as metallomics to characterize the entirety metal biomolecules in an organism (metallome) and metabolomics to decipher the whole molecules with mass less than 1,000 Da, are the new generation of analytical techniques for assessment plant and other organisms’ metal stress, as well as the study of metal pollution remediation driven by plants (hyperaccumulators), preparation of plant-based essential enriched food, and other useful applications. Metallomics techniques are based on hyphenated analytical units combining chromatographic components, high sensitivity element detectors (mainly ICP-MS) for metal species detection, and tandem mass spectrometry for chemical species identification, integrating a three-dimensional analytical platform. Metabolomics mainly uses high resolution mass spectrometry as QqQ-TOF-MS or Orbitrap. Therefore, Integration of these omics provides results with high-added value representing a new angle to study overall response of plants under the action of metals. A great variety of examples can be pointed out in relation to plant exposure experiments to metals, use of plant as bioindicator for environmental monitoring of metal pollution, preparation of essential elements of functional foods based on microalgae under biotechnological production, behavior of heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants, and many other cases.
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Gómez Ariza, J.L., García-Barrera, T., García-Sevillano, M.A., González-Fernández, M., Gómez-Jacinto, V. (2013). Metallomics and Metabolomics of Plants Under Environmental Stress Caused by Metals. In: Gupta, D., Corpas, F., Palma, J. (eds) Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38469-1_10
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