Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Okuläre Oberfläche – nicht infektiös

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Entzündliche Augenerkrankungen

  • 2583 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

ICD-10 Code M35.0 Sicca-Syndrom (Sjögren-Syndrom), H04.1 Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Synonyme: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Trockenes Auge

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.1

  • Akpek EK, Lindsley KB, Adyanthaya RS, Swamy R, Baer AN, McDonnell PJ (2011) Treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome-associated dry eye an evidence-based review. Ophthalmology 118(7):1242–1252. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.016

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alamanos Y, Tsifetaki N, Voulgari PV, Venetsanopoulou AI, Siozos C, Drosos AA (2006) Epidemiology of primary Sjogren’s syndrome in north-west Greece, 1982–2003. Rheumatology 45(2):187–191. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kei107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabino S, Rolando M, Camicione P, Ravera G, Zanardi S, Giuffrida S, Calabria G (2003) Systemic linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid therapy in dry eye syndrome with an inflammatory component. Cornea 22(2):97–101

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolstad AI, Eiken HG, Rosenlund B, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Jonsson R (2003) Increased salivary gland tissue expression of Fas, Fas ligand, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, and programmed cell death 1 in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis and rheumatism 48(1):174–185. doi:10.1002/art.10734

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castro I, Sepulveda D, Cortes J, Quest AF, Barrera MJ, Bahamondes V, Aguilera S, Urzua U, Alliende C, Molina C, Gonzalez S, Hermoso MA, Leyton C, Gonzalez MJ (2013) Oral dryness in Sjogren’s syndrome patients. Not just a question of water. Autoimmunity reviews 12(5):567–574. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.10.018

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chia EM, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Lee AJ, Maroun R, Wang JJ (2003) Prevalence and associations of dry eye syndrome in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 31(3):229–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Tapias P, Rojas-Villarraga A, Maier-Moore S, Anaya JM (2012) HLA and Sjogren’s syndrome susceptibility. A meta-analysis of worldwide studies. Autoimmunity reviews 11(4):281–287. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.002

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cursiefen C, Jacobi C, Dietrich T, Kruse FE (2006) Current treatment for dry eye syndrome. Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft 103(1):18–24. doi:10.1007/s00347-005-1300-9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). The ocular surface 5 (2):75–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Deshmukh US, Nandula SR, Thimmalapura PR, Scindia YM, Bagavant H (2009) Activation of innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 causes a rapid loss of salivary gland function. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 38(1):42–47. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00700.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkon KB, Gharavi AE, Hughes GR, Moutsoupoulos HM (1984) Autoantibodies in the sicca syndrome (primary Sjogren’s syndrome). Annals of the rheumatic diseases 43(2):243–245

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Endres S, Ghorbani R, Kelley VE, Georgilis K, Lonnemann G, van der Meer JW, Cannon JG, Rogers TS, Klempner MS, Weber PC et al (1989) The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. The New England journal of medicine 320(5):265–271. doi:10.1056/nejm198902023200501

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foulks GN, Borchman D, Yappert M, Kim SH, McKay JW (2010) Topical azithromycin therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction: clinical response and lipid alterations. Cornea 29(7):781–788. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181cda38f

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foulks GN, Bron AJ (2003) Meibomian gland dysfunction: a clinical scheme for description, diagnosis, classification, and grading. The ocular surface 1(3):107–126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox RI, Kang HI (1992) Pathogenesis of Sjogren’s syndrome. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 18(3):517–538

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox RI, Kang HI, Ando D, Abrams J, Pisa E (1994) Cytokine mRNA expression in salivary gland biopsies of Sjogren’s syndrome. Journal of immunology 152(11):5532–5539 (Baltimore, Md : 1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groom J, Kalled SL, Cutler AH, Olson C, Woodcock SA, Schneider P, Tschopp J, Cachero TG, Batten M, Wheway J, Mauri D, Cavill D, Gordon TP, Mackay CR, Mackay F (2002) Association of BAFF/BLyS overexpression and altered B cell differentiation with Sjogren’s syndrome. The Journal of clinical investigation 109(1):59–68. doi:10.1172/jci14121

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guellec D, Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Marhadour T, Marcorelles P, Pers JO, Saraux A, Devauchelle-Pensec V (2013) Diagnostic value of labial minor salivary gland biopsy for Sjogren’s syndrome: a systematic review. Autoimmunity reviews 12(3):416–420. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.08.001

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen A, Dorner T (2010) Current therapeutic options in Sjogren’s syndrome. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 69(1):19–24. doi:10.1007/s00393-009-0515-6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haque RM, Torkildsen GL, Brubaker K, Zink RC, Kowalski RP, Mah FS, Pflugfelder SC (2010) Multicenter open-label study evaluating the efficacy of azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1 % on the signs and symptoms of subjects with blepharitis. Cornea 29(8):871–877. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181ca38a0

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK, Liang MH, Kremers HM, Mayes MD, Merkel PA, Pillemer SR, Reveille JD, Stone JH (2008) Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I. Arthritis and rheumatism 58(1):15–25. doi:10.1002/art.23177

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi C, Cursiefen C (2010) Ophthalmological complications in Sjogren’s syndrome. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 69(1):32–40. doi:10.1007/s00393-009-0517-4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi C, Jacobi A, Kruse FE, Cursiefen C (2011) Tear film osmolarity measurements in dry eye disease using electrical impedance technology. Cornea 30(12):1289–1292. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31821de383

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG (2000) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. The American journal of clinical nutrition 71(1):343S–348S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson R, Vogelsang P, Volchenkov R, Espinosa A, Wahren-Herlenius M, Appel S (2011) The complexity of Sjogren’s syndrome: novel aspects on pathogenesis. Immunology letters 141(1):1–9. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.007

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kunert KS, Tisdale AS, Stern ME, Smith JA, Gipson IK (2000) Analysis of topical cyclosporine treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome: effect on conjunctival lymphocytes. Archives of ophthalmology 118(11):1489–1496

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzin II, Snyder JE, Ugine GD, Wu D, Lee S, Bushnell T Jr, Insel RA, Young FM, Bottaro A (2001) Tetracyclines inhibit activated B cell function. International immunology 13(7):921–931

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemp MA, Bron AJ, Baudouin C, Del Benitez Castillo JM, Geffen D, Tauber J, Foulks GN, Pepose JS, Sullivan BD (2011) Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. American journal of ophthalmology 151(5):792–798. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.10.032

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li N, He J, Schwartz CE, Gjorstrup P, Bazan HE (2010) Resolvin E1 improves tear production and decreases inflammation in a dry eye mouse model. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 26(5):431–439. doi:10.1089/jop.2010.0019

    Google Scholar 

  • Low HZ, Witte T (2011) Aspects of innate immunity in Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis research & therapy 13(3):218 doi:10.1186/ar3318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). The ocular surface 5 (2):163–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh P, Pflugfelder SC (1999) Topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren syndrome. Ophthalmology 106(4):811–816. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)90171-9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda S, Koyasu S (2000) Mechanisms of action of cyclosporine. Immunopharmacology 47(2–3):119–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). The ocular surface 5 (2):108–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE (2000) Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Archives of ophthalmology 118(9):1264–1268

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen CQ, Peck AB (2009) Unraveling the pathophysiology of Sjogren syndrome-associated dry eye disease. The ocular surface 7(1):11–27

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pflugfelder SC, Maskin SL, Anderson B, Chodosh J, Holland EJ, De Paiva CS, Bartels SP, Micuda T, Proskin HM, Vogel R (2004) A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter comparison of loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.5 %, and placebo for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with delayed tear clearance. American journal of ophthalmology 138(3):444–457. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.04.052

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid S, Jin Y, Ecoiffier T, Barabino S, Schaumberg DA, Dana MR (2008) Topical omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for treatment of dry eye. Archives of ophthalmology 126(2):219–225. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ricchiuti V, Isenberg D, Muller S (1994) HLA association of anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52 antibodies in Sjogren’s syndrome. Journal of autoimmunity 7(5):611–621. doi:10.1006/jaut.1994.1045

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L (2004) Altered autoantigen structure in Sjogren’s syndrome: implications for the pathogenesis of autoimmune tissue damage. Critical reviews in oral biology and medicine : an official publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists 15(3):156–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadrai Z, Hajrasouliha AR, Chauhan S, Saban DR, Dastjerdi MH, Dana R (2011) Effect of topical azithromycin on corneal innate immune responses. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 52(5):2525–2531.. doi:10.1167/iovs. 10-5658

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Sugawara Y, Kuroishi T, Sasano T, Sugawara S (2008) Identification of IL-18 and Th17 cells in salivary glands of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome, and amplification of IL-17-mediated secretion of inflammatory cytokines from salivary gland cells by IL-18. Journal of immunology 181(4):2898–2906 (Baltimore, Md : 1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sall K, Stevenson OD, Mundorf TK, Reis BL (2000) Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. CsA Phase 3 Study Group. Ophthalmology 107(4):631–639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sambursky R, Davitt WF 3rd, Latkany R, Tauber S, Starr C, Friedberg M, Dirks MS, McDonald M (2013) Sensitivity and specificity of a point-of-care matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay for diagnosing inflammation related to dry eye. JAMA ophthalmology 131(1):24–28. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.561

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaumberg DA, Sullivan DA, Buring JE, Dana MR (2003) Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women. American journal of ophthalmology 136(2):318–326

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schein OD, Hochberg MC, Munoz B, Tielsch JM, Bandeen-Roche K, Provost T, Anhalt GJ, West S (1999) Dry eye and dry mouth in the elderly: a population-based assessment. Archives of internal medicine 159(12):1359–1363

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shiboski SC, Shiboski CH, Criswell L, Baer A, Challacombe S, Lanfranchi H, Schiodt M, Umehara H, Vivino F, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Greenspan D, Heidenreich AM, Helin P, Kirkham B, Kitagawa K, Larkin G, Li M, Lietman T, Lindegaard J, McNamara N, Sack K, Shirlaw P, Sugai S, Vollenweider C, Whitcher J, Wu A, Zhang S, Zhang W, Greenspan J, Daniels T (2012) American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjogren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance cohort. Arthritis care & research 64(4):475–487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoenfeld Y, Selmi C, Zimlichman E, Gershwin ME (2008) The autoimmunologist: geoepidemiology, a new center of gravity, and prime time for autoimmunity. Journal of autoimmunity 31(4):325–330. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2008.08.004

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon A, Rosenblatt M, Li DQ, Liu Z, Monroy D, Ji Z, Lokeshwar BL, Pflugfelder SC (2000) Doxycycline inhibition of interleukin-1 in the corneal epithelium. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 41(9):2544–2557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan DA (1997) Sex hormones and Sjogren’s syndrome. The Journal of rheumatology Supplement 50:17–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan RM, Cermak JM, Papas AS, Dana MR, Sullivan DA (2002) Economic and quality of life impact of dry eye symptoms in women with Sjogren’s syndrome. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 506:1183–1188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tai MC, Cosar CB, Cohen EJ, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR (2002) The clinical efficacy of silicone punctal plug therapy. Cornea 21(2):135–139

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Talal N, Dauphinee MJ, Dang H, Alexander SS, Hart DJ, Garry RF (1990) Detection of serum antibodies to retroviral proteins in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune exocrinopathy). Arthritis and rheumatism 33(6):774–781

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Triantafyllopoulou A, Tapinos N, Moutsopoulos HM (2004) Evidence for coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis and rheumatism 50(9):2897–2902. doi:10.1002/art.20463

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner K, Pflugfelder SC, Ji Z, Feuer WJ, Stern M, Reis BL (2000) Interleukin-6 levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with dry eye disease treated with cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion. Cornea 19 4:492–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinagre F, Santos MJ, Prata A, da Silva JC, Santos AI (2009) Assessment of salivary gland function in Sjogren’s syndrome: the role of salivary gland scintigraphy. Autoimmunity reviews 8(8):672–676. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.027

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, Moutsopoulos HM, Alexander EL, Carsons SE, Daniels TE, Fox PC, Fox RI, Kassan SS, Pillemer SR, Talal N, Weisman MH (2002) Classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 61(6):554–558

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waterman SA, Gordon TP, Rischmueller M (2000) Inhibitory effects of muscarinic receptor autoantibodies on parasympathetic neurotransmission in Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis and rheumatism 43(7):1647–1654. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1647::aid-anr31>3.0.co;2-

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witte T (2010) Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 69(1):50–56. doi:10.1007/s00393-009-0519-2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witte T, Matthias T, Oppermann M, Helmke K, Peter HH, Schmidt RE, Tishler M (2003) Prevalence of antibodies against alpha-fodrin in Sjogren’s syndrome: comparison of 2 sets of classification criteria. The Journal of rheumatology 30(10):2157–2159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida A, Fujihara T, Nakata K (1999) Cyclosporin A increases tear fluid secretion via release of sensory neurotransmitters and muscarinic pathway in mice. Experimental eye research 68(5):541–546. doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0619

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Youinou P, Pers JO (2011) Disturbance of cytokine networks in Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis research & therapy 13(4):227 doi:10.1186/ar3348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu J, Asche CV, Fairchild CJ (2011) The economic burden of dry eye disease in the United States: a decision tree analysis. Cornea 30(4):379–387. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181f7f363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.2

  • Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK et al (2006) Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet 368(9537):733–43

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bielory B, Bielory L (2010) Atopic dermatitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 30(3):323–36

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bielory BP, O’Brien TP, Bielory L (2012) Management of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: guide to therapy. Acta Ophthalmol 90(5):399–407

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A et al (2008) Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 63(86):8–160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calderon MA (2011) Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 41(9):1263–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calderon MA, Penagos M, Sheikh A, Canonica GW, Durham SR (2011) Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 41(9):1263–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donshik PC, Ehlers WH, Ballow M (2008) Giant papillary conjunctivitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 28(1):83–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gong L, Sun X, Qu J, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhang H et al (2012) Loteprednol etabonate suspension 0.2 % administered QID compared with olopatadine solution 0.1 % administered BID in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group study in Chinese patients. Clin Ther 34(6):1259–1272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guglielmetti S, Dart JK, Calder V (2010) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 10(5):478–85

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irkec MT, Bozkurt B (2012) Molecular immunology of allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 12(5):534–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi A, Lazzarini D, Motterle L, Bortolotti M, Deligianni V, Curnow SJ et al (2013) Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis-like Disease in Adults. Am J Ophthalmol 155(5):796–803

    Google Scholar 

  • Lightman S, Scadding GK (2012) Should intranasal corticosteroids be used for the treatment of ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis? A review of their efficacy and safety profile. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 158(4):317–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosario N, Bielory L (2011) Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 11(5):471–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saban DR, Calder V, Kuo CH, Reyes NJ, Dartt DA, Ono SJ et al (2013) New Twists to an Old Story: Novel Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Eye Disease. Curr Eye Res 38(3):317–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Takamura E, Uchio E, Ebihara N, Ohno S, Ohashi Y, Okamoto S et al (2011) Japanese guideline for allergic conjunctival diseases. Allergol Int 2011; 60(2):191–203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuen D, Buys YM, Jin YP, Alasbali T, Trope GE (2013) Effect of beclomethasone nasal spray on intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or controlled glaucoma. J Glaucoma 22(2):84–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.3

  • Anderson GA, Regillo C (2004) Ocular manifestations of graft versus host disease. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 15:503–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baird K, Pavletic SZ (2006) Chronic graft versus host disease. Curr Opin Hematol 13:426–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Couriel D, Carpenter PA, Cutler C et al (2006) Ancillary therapy and supportive care of chronic graft-versus-host disease: national institutes of health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic Graft-versus-host disease: V. Ancillary Therapy and Supportive Care Working Group Report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 12:375–96

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dastjerdi MH, Hamrah P, Dana R (2009) High-frequency topical cyclosporine 0.05 % in the treatment of severe dry eye refractory to twice-daily regimen. Cornea 28:1091–6

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich-Ntoukas T, Cursiefen C, Westekemper H et al (2012) Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Report From the German-Austrian-Swiss Consensus Conference on Clinical Practice in Chronic GVHD. Cornea 31:299–310

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara JL, Deeg HJ (1991) Graft-versus-host disease. N Eng J Med 324:667–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara JL, Levine JE, Reddy P, Holler E (2009) Graft-versus-host disease. Lancet 373:1550–61

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Filipovich AH (2008) Diagnosis and manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 21:251–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Filipovich AH, Weisdorf D, Pavletic S et al (2005) National Institutes of Health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. Diagnosis and staging working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 11:945–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hessen M, Akpek EK (2012) Ocular graft-versus-host disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 12:540–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK, Smith JA, Dunn JP (2009) Chronic Ocular Graft versus Host Disease. In: Vogelsang GB, Pavletic SZ (Hrsg) Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease: Interdisciplinary Management. Cambridge University Press, New York, S 199–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK (2006) Update on ocular graft versus host disease. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 17:344–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SJ, Vogelsang G, Flowers ME (2003) Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 9:215–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matzinger P (2002) The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 296:301–305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa Y, Shimmura S, Kawakita T et al (2009) Epithelial mesenchymal transition in human ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease. Am J Pathol 175:2372–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa Y, Kuwana M (2003) Dry eye as a major complication associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cornea 22:19–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MR, Lee SS, Rubin BI et al (2004) Topical corticosteroid therapy for cicatricial conjunctivitis associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 33:1031–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas B, Cuhna R, Zafrakis P et al (2005) Cell populations and adhesion molecules expression in conjunctiva before and after bone marrow transplantation. Exp Eye Res 81:313–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shlomchik WD (2007) Graft-versus-host disease. Nat Rev Immunol 7:340–352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Ogawa Y, Dogru M et al (2008) Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 41:293–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welniak LA, Blaza BR, Murphy WJ (2007) Immunobiology of allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Annu Rev Immunol 25:139–170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westekemper H, Meller S, Citak S et al (2010) Differential chemokine expression in chronic GVHD of the conjunctiva. Bone Marrow Transplant 45:1340–6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff D, Gerbitz A, Ayuk F et al. (2010) Consensus conference on clinical practice in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): First-line and topical treatment of chronic GVHD. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 16:1611–28 Wolff D, Bertz H, Greinix H et al. (2011) The treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease: consensus recommendations of experts from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Dtsch Ärztebl Int; 108:732–40

    Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.4

  • Chan LS, Ahmed AR, Anhalt GJ et al (2002) The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid: definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenic factors, medical treatment, and prognostic indicators. Arch Dermatol 138:370–379

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan LS (2001) Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Clin Dermatol 19:703–711

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan LS, Majmudar AA, Tran HH et al (1997) Laminin-6 and laminin-5 are recognized by autoantibodies in a subset of cicatricial pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 108:848–853

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JH, McCluskey PJ (2005) Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid: manifestations and management. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 5:333–338

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elder MJ, Bernauer W, Leonard J, Dart JK (1996) Progression of disease in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Ophthalmol 80:292–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elder MJ, Bernauer W (1997) Monitoring of activity and progression in cicatrizing conjunctivitis. In: Bernauer W, Dart JKG, Elder MJ (Hrsg) Cicatrising conjunctivitis. Dev Ophthalmol. Karger, Basel, S 111–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Megahed M (2004) Histopathology of blistering diseases. With clinical, electron microscopic, immunological and molecular biological correlations. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondino BJ, Brown SI (1981) Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Ophthalmology 88:95

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Müller B (2001) Okuläres vernarbendes Pemphigoid. Ophthalmologe 98:584–597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saw VP, Dart JK (2008) Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid: diagnosis and management strategies. Ocul Surf 6:128–142

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J, Jabbur N, Foster CS (1992) Improved detection of disease progression in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Cornea 5:446

    Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J, Melamed S, Foster CS (1989) Glaucoma in patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Ophthalmology 96:33–37

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zillikens D, Wever S, Roth A et al (1995) Incidence of autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatoses in a region of central Germany. Arch Dermatol 131:957–958

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.5

  • Alfirevic A, Pirmohamed M (2010) Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions and pharmacogenomics: past, present and future. Pharmacogenomics 11(4):497–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Auquier-Dunant A, Mockenhaupt M et al (2002) „Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study. Arch Dermatol 138(8):1019–24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bachot N, Revuz J et al (2003) „Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a prospective noncomparative study showing no benefit on mortality or progression. Arch Dermatol 139(1):33–6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B et al (1993) „Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 129(1):92–6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang YS, Huang FC et al (2007) Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: acute ocular manifestations, causes, and management. Cornea 26(2):123–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cher I (2003) Blink-related microtrauma: when the ocular surface harms itself. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 31(3):183–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung WH, Hung SI et al (2008) Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Nat Med 14(12):1343–50

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Rojas MV, Dart JK et al (2007) The natural history of Stevens Johnson syndrome: patterns of chronic ocular disease and the role of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 91(8):1048–53

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dua HS, Azuara-Blanco A (1999) Allo-limbal transplantation in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency. Br J Ophthalmol 83(4):414–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edward J, Holland DRH (1996) Ocular Infection and Immunity by Jay S. Pepose, Gary N. Holland, and Kirk R. Wilhelmus. Mosby, St. Louis (seltsame Literaturangabe)

    Google Scholar 

  • Faye O, Roujeau JC (2005) Treatment of epidermal necrolysis with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IV Ig): clinical experience to date. Drugs 65(15):2085–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS, Fong LP et al (1988) Episodic conjunctival inflammation after Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ophthalmology 95(4):453–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furrer P, Mayer JM et al (2002) Ocular tolerance of preservatives and alternatives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 53(3):263–80

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giasson CJ, Bouchard C et al (2006) Amnion and ocular surface problems. Med Sci 22(6–7):639–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory DG (2008) The ophthalmologic management of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ocul Surf 6(2):87–95

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gueudry J, Roujeau JC et al (2009) Risk factors for the development of ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 145(2):157–62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gungor I, Schor K et al (2008) The Boston Scleral Lens in the treatment of pediatric patients. J AAPOS 12(3):263–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haber J, Hopman W et al (2005) Late outcomes in adult survivors of toxic epidermal necrolysis after treatment in a burn center. J Burn Care Rehabil 26(1):33–41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kano Y, Shiohara T (2009) The variable clinical picture of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in relation to the eliciting drug. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 29(3):481–501

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knop E, Reale E (1994) Fine structure and significance of snakelike chromatin in conjunctival epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(2):711–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi N, Inatomi T et al (2001) Cultivated corneal epithelial stem cell transplantation in ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmology 108(9):1569–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuper K, Pleyer U et al (1995) Erythema exsudativum multiforme major]. Ophthalmologe 92(6):823–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Okera S et al (2008) Visual rehabilitation in end-stage inflammatory ocular surface disease with the osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis: results from the UK. Br J Ophthalmol 92(9):1211–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Sheha H et al (2008) Oral mucosal graft with amniotic membrane transplantation for total limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 152(5):739–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Lonjou C, Borot N et al (2008) A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs. Pharmacogenet Genomics 18(2):99–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lonjou C, Thomas L et al (2006) A marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome …: ethnicity matters. Pharmacogenomics J 6(4):265–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Megherbi R, Kiorpelidou E et al (2009) Role of protein haptenation in triggering maturation events in the dendritic cell surrogate cell line THP-1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238(2):120–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuashi M, Ohtani T et al (2005) Redox imbalance induced by contact sensitizers triggers the maturation of dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol 124(3):579–86

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mockenhaupt M (2011) The current understanding of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 7(6):814–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Mockenhaupt M (2009) Schwere arzneimittelinduzierte Hautreaktionen: Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 7(2):142–60 (quiz 161–2)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mockenhaupt MLY (2011) Schwere arzneimittelinduzierte Hautreaktionen: Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom und Toxisch epidermale Nekrolyse. Allergo J Heft 4:200–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Mockenhaupt M, Viboud C et al (2008) Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs. The EuroSCAR-study. J Invest Dermatol 128(1):35–44

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukasa Y, Craven N (2008) Management of toxic epidermal necrolysis and related syndromes. Postgrad Med J 84(988):60–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oplatek A, Brown K et al (2006) Long-term follow-up of patients treated for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Burn Care Res 27(1):26–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pichler WJ (2003) „Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ann Intern Med 139(8):683–93

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pichler WJ, Naisbitt DJ et al (2011) Immune pathomechanism of drug hypersensitivity reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127(3):74–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirmohamed M, Friedmann PS et al (2011) Phenotype standardization for immune-mediated drug-induced skin injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 89(6):896–901

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Power WJ, Ghoraishi M et al (1995) Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme/Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum. Ophthalmology 102(11):1669–76

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quinto GG, Campos M et al (2008) Autologous serum for ocular surface diseases. Arq Bras Oftalmol 71(6):47–54

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Revuz J, Penso D et al (1987) Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Clinical findings and prognosis factors in 87 patients. Arch Dermatol 123(9):1160–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers M, Rogers PA (1981) Ocular involvement in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Australas J Dermatol 22(3):89–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romero-Rangel T, Stavrou P et al (2000) Gas-permeable scleral contact lens therapy in ocular surface disease. Am J Ophthalmol 130(1):25–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roujeau JC, Chosidow O et al (1990) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). J Am Acad Dermatol 23(6 Pt 1):1039–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roujeau JC, Huynh TN et al (1987) „Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 123(9):1171–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roujeau JC, Phlippoteau C et al (1985) „Sjogren-like syndrome after drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Lancet 1(8429):609–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rzany B, Hering O et al (1996) „Histopathological and epidemiological characteristics of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme major, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 135(1):6–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rzany B, Mockenhaupt M et al (1996) Epidemiology of erythema exsudativum multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Germany (1990–1992): structure and results of a population-based registry. J Clin Epidemiol 49(7):769–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneck J, Fagot JP et al (2008) „Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR Study. J Am Acad Dermatol 58(1):33–40

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shay E, Kheirkhah A et al (2009) Amniotic membrane transplantation as a new therapy for the acute ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Surv Ophthalmol 54(6):686–96

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sotozono C, Ang LP et al (2007) New grading system for the evaluation of chronic ocular manifestations in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Ophthalmology 114(7):1294–302

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Struck MF, Hilbert P et al (2009) Severe cutaneous adverse reactions: emergency approach to non-burn epidermolytic syndromes. Intensive Care Med 36(1):22–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thiel HJ, Richter U et al (1990) Drug-induced exudative erythema multiforme major with a chronic progressive course and bilateral blindness. Clinical and immunohistologic follow-up. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 197(2):142–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tougeron-Brousseau B, Delcampe A et al (2009) Vision-related function after scleral lens fitting in ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Am J Ophthalmol 148(6):852–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tugal-Tutkun I, Akova YA et al (1995) Penetrating keratoplasty in cicatrizing conjunctival diseases. Ophthalmology 102(4):576–85

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Viard I, Wehrli P et al (1998) „Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin. Science 282(5388):490–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins J, Morrison L et al (1992) „Oculocutaneous manifestations of the erythema multiforme/Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum. Dermatol Clin 10(3):571–82

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolkenstein P, Latarjet J et al (1998) „Randomised comparison of thalidomide versus placebo in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Lancet 352(9140):1586–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yip LW, Thong BY et al (2007) Ocular manifestations and complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an Asian series. Allergy 62(5):527–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.6

  • Alhassan MB, Rabiu M, Agbabiaka IO (2011) Interventions for Mooren’s ulcer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(6):(CD006131)

    Google Scholar 

  • Atchia II, Kidd CE, Bell RW (2006) Rheumatoid arthritis-associated necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis treated successfully with infliximab. J Clin Rheumatol 12:291–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clewes AR, Dawson JK, Kaye S, Bucknall RC (2005) Peripheral ulcerative keratitis in rheumatoid arthritis: successful use of intravenous cyclophosphamide and comparison of clinical and serological characteristics. Ann Rheum Dis 64:961–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantinou M, Jhanji V, Tao LW, Vajpayee RB (2009) Clinical review of corneal ulcers resulting in evisceration and enucleation in elderly population. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247:1389–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dana MR, Qian Y, Hamrah P (2000) Twenty-five-year panorama of corneal immunology: emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of microbial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and corneal transplant rejection. Cornea 19:625–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feist E, Pleyer U (2010) Erkrankungen des äußeren Auges bei rheumatoider Arthritis. Z Rheumatol 69:403–10

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS, Forstot SL, Wilson LA (1984) Mortality rate in rheumatoid arthritis patients developing necrotizing scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Effects of systemic immunosuppression. Oph¬thalmology 91:1253–1263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodisson LA, Bourne JT, Maharajan S (2010) A case of bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis following treatment with rituximab. Rheumatology 49:609–10

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottsch JD, Akpek EK (2000) Topical cyclosporin stimulates neovascularization in resolving sterile rheumatoid central corneal ulcers. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 98:81–87

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YJ, Kim SW, Seo KY (2013) Application for tacrolimus ointment in treating refractory inflammatory ocular surface diseases. Am J Ophthalmol 155(5):804–13

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKibbin M, Isaacs JD, Morrell AJ (1999) Incidence of corneal melting in association with systemic disease in the Yorkshire Region, 1995–7. Br J Ophthalmol 83:941–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller L, Thiel MA, Kipfer-Kauer AI, Kaufmann C (2012) Corneal cross-linking as supplementary treatment option in melting keratitis: a case series. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 229:411–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odorcic S, Keystone EC, Ma JJ (2009) Infliximab for the treatment of refractory progressive sterile peripheral ulcerative keratitis associated with late corneal perforation: 3-year follow-up. Cornea 28:89–92

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Mondino BJ, Sumner HL (1992) The effect of systemic decomplementation with cobra venom factor on corneal complement levels in guinea pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33(7):2212–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Bertelmann E, Rieck P, Hartmann C (2002) Outcome of penetrating keratoplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. Ophthalmologica 216:249–255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prada J, Noelle B, Baatz H et al (2003) Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 gene expression in keratocytes from patients with rheumatoid corneal ulcerations. Br J Ophthalmol 87:548–550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds I, Tullo AB, John SL, Holt PJ, Hillarby MC (1999) Corneal epithelial-specific cytokeratin 3 is an autoantigen in Wegener’s granulomatosis-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(9):2147–51

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Sainz Maza M, Foster CS, Jabbur NS, Baltatzis S (2002) Ocular characteristics and disease associations in scleritis-associated peripheral keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 120:15–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Spoerl E, Wollensak G, Seiler T (2004) Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion. Curr Eye Res 29:35–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith VA, Hoh HB, Easty DL (1999) Role of ocular matrix metalloproteinases in peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 83:1376–1383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon R, Chawla B, Verma K, Sharma N, Titiyal JS (2008) Outcome of treatment of mooren ulcer with topical cyclosporine a 2 %. Cornea 27(8):859–61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J, de la Sainz Maza M, Hoang-Xuan T, Foster CS (1990) An analysis of therapeutic decision making regarding immunosuppressive chemotherapy for peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Cornea 9:66–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JW, Pflugfelder SC (2005) Therapy of progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated corneal ulceration with infliximab. Cornea 24:742–744

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson PG (1990) Vascular changes in peripheral corneal destructive disease. Eye 4:65–73

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.7

  • Alhassan MB, Rabiu M, Agbabiaka IO (2011) Interventions for Mooren’s ulcer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15(6):(CD006131)

    Google Scholar 

  • Atchia II, Kidd CE, Bell RW (2006) Rheumatoid arthritis-associated necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis treated successfully with infliximab. J Clin Rheumatol 12:291–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clewes AR, Dawson JK, Kaye S, Bucknall RC (2005) Peripheral ulcerative keratitis in rheumatoid arthritis: successful use of intravenous cyclophosphamide and comparison of clinical and serological characteristics. Ann Rheum Dis 64:961–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantinou M, Jhanji V, Tao LW, Vajpayee RB (2009) Clinical review of corneal ulcers resulting in evisceration and enucleation in elderly population. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247:1389–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dana MR, Qian Y, Hamrah P (2000) Twenty-five-year panorama of corneal immunology: emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of microbial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and corneal transplant rejection. Cornea 19:625–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feist E, Pleyer U (2010) Erkrankungen des äußeren Auges bei rheumatoider Arthritis. Z Rheumatol 69:403–10

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS, Forstot SL, Wilson LA (1984) Mortality rate in rheumatoid arthritis patients developing necrotizing scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Effects of systemic immunosuppression. Oph¬thalmology 91:1253–1263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodisson LA, Bourne JT, Maharajan S (2010) A case of bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis following treatment with rituximab. Rheumatology 49:609–10

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottsch JD, Akpek EK (2000) Topical cyclosporin stimulates neovascularization in resolving sterile rheumatoid central corneal ulcers. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 98:81–87

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YJ, Kim SW, Seo KY (2013) Application for tacrolimus ointment in treating refractory inflammatory ocular surface diseases. Am J Ophthalmol 155(5):804–13

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKibbin M, Isaacs JD, Morrell AJ (1999) Incidence of corneal melting in association with systemic disease in the Yorkshire Region, 1995–7. Br J Ophthalmol 83:941–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller L, Thiel MA, Kipfer-Kauer AI, Kaufmann C (2012) Corneal cross-linking as supplementary treatment option in melting keratitis: a case series. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 229:411–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odorcic S, Keystone EC, Ma JJ (2009) Infliximab for the treatment of refractory progressive sterile peripheral ulcerative keratitis associated with late corneal perforation: 3-year follow-up. Cornea 28:89–92

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Mondino BJ, Sumner HL (1992) The effect of systemic decomplementation with cobra venom factor on corneal complement levels in guinea pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33(7):2212–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Bertelmann E, Rieck P, Hartmann C (2002) Outcome of penetrating keratoplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. Ophthalmologica 216:249–255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prada J, Noelle B, Baatz H et al (2003) Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 gene expression in keratocytes from patients with rheumatoid corneal ulcerations. Br J Ophthalmol 87:548–550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds I, Tullo AB, John SL, Holt PJ, Hillarby MC (1999) Corneal epithelial-specific cytokeratin 3 is an autoantigen in Wegener’s granulomatosis-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(9):2147-51

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Sainz Maza M, Foster CS, Jabbur NS, Baltatzis S (2002) Ocular characteristics and disease associations in scleritis-associated peripheral keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 120:15–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Spoerl E, Wollensak G, Seiler T (2004) Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion. Curr Eye Res 29:35–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith VA, Hoh HB, Easty DL (1999) Role of ocular matrix metalloproteinases in peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 83:1376–1383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon R, Chawla B, Verma K, Sharma N, Titiyal JS (2008) Outcome of treatment of mooren ulcer with topical cyclosporine a 2 %. Cornea 27(8):859–61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J, de la Sainz Maza M, Hoang-Xuan T, Foster CS (1990) An analysis of therapeutic decision making regarding immunosuppressive chemotherapy for peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Cornea 9:66–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JW, Pflugfelder SC (2005) Therapy of progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated corneal ulceration with infliximab. Cornea 24:742–744

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson PG (1990) Vascular changes in peripheral corneal destructive disease. Eye 4:65–73

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Literatur zu Abschn. 4.7

  • Akpek EK, Thorne JE, Qazi FA et al (2004) Evaluation of patients with scleritis for systemic disease. Ophthalmology 111(3):501–506

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akpek EK, Uy HS, Christen W et al (1999) Severity of episcleritis and systemic disease association. Ophthalmology 106(4):729–731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashok D, Ayliffe WH, Kiely PD (2005) Necrotizing scleritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: long-term remission with high-dose infliximab therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44(7):950–951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atchia II, Kidd CE, Bell RW (2006) Rheumatoid arthritis-associated necrotizing scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis treated successfully with infliximab. J Clin Rheumatol 12(6):291–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer AM, Fiehn C, Becker MD (2005) Celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 for therapy of diffuse anterior scleritis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 139(6):1086–1089

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bertelmann E, Pleyer U (2004) Immunomodulatory therapy in ophthalmology – is there a place for topical application? Ophthalmologica 218(6):359–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat PV, Jakobiec FA, Kurbanyan K, Zhao T, Foster CS (2009) Chronic herpes simplex scleritis: characterization of 9 cases of an underrecognized clinical entity. American Journal of Ophthalmology 148(5):779–789

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Botsios C, Sfriso P, Ostuni PA et al (2007) Efficacy of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, for the treatment of diffuse anterior scleritis in rheumatoid arthritis. Report of two cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46(6):1042–1043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan S, Kamal A, Thompson RN et al (2009) Rituximab for treatment of scleritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Ophthalmol 93(7):984–985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doctor P, Sultan A, Syed S, Christen W, Bhat P, Foster CS (2010) Infliximab for the treatment of refractory scleritis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 94(5):579–583

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster CS, Forstot SL, Wilson LA (1984) Mortality rate in rheumatoid arthritis patients developing necrotizing scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Effects of systemic immunosuppression. Ophthalmology 91(10):1253–1263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Mahr A, Mouthon L, Le Toumelin P, French Vascuilitis Study Group FVSG (2011) The Five-Factor Score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine 90(1):19–27

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itty S, Pulido JS, Bakri SJ et al (2008) Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, rheumatoid factor, and ocular symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 106:75–81

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jabs DA, Rosenbaum JT, Foster CS, Louie JS, Jaffe GJ, Holland GN et al (2000) Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel. American Journal of Ophthalmology 130(4):492–513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jabs DA, Mudun A, Dunn JP, Marsh MJ (2000) Episcleritis and scleritis: clinical features and treatment results. Am J Ophthalmol 130(4):469–476

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain V, Garg P, Sharma S (2009) Microbial scleritis-experience from a developing country. Eye 23(2):255–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keino H, Watanabe T, Taki W, Nakashima C, Okada AA (2010) Clinical features and visual outcomes of Japanese patients with scleritis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 94(11):1459–1463

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kempen JH, Gangaputra S, Daniel E, Levy-Clarke GA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT et al (2008) Long-term risk of malignancy among patients treated with immunosuppressive agents for ocular inflammation: a critical assessment of the evidence. American Journal of Ophthalmology 146(6):802–812

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Maza SM, Molina N, Gonzales-Gonzales LA et al (2012) Clinical Characteristics of a large cohort of patients with scleritis and episcleritis. Ophthalmology 119:43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • McCluskey P, Wakefield D (1987) Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone in scleritis. Archives of Ophthalmology 105(6):793–797

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCluskey PJ, Watson PG, Lightman S, Haybittle J, Restori M, Branley M (1999) Posterior scleritis: clinical features, systemic associations, and outcome in a large series of patients. Ophthalmology 106(12):2380–2386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGavin DD, Williamson J, Forrester JV et al (1976) Episcleritis and scleritis. A study of their clinical manifestations and association with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Ophthalmol 60(3):192–226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer PA, Watson PG, Franks W, Dubord P (1987) Pulsed immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of immunologically induced corneal and scleral disease. Eye (Lond) 1:487–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Nida Sen H, Sangave AA, Goldstein DA, Suhler EB (2011) Denise Cunningham, Susan Vitale, Robert B. Nussenblatt A Standardized Grading System For Scleritis. Ophthalmology 118(4):768–71

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donoghue E, Lightman S, Tuft S, Watson P (1992) Surgically induced necrotising sclerokeratitis (SINS) – precipitating factors and response to treatment. British Journal of Ophthalmology 76(1):17–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okhravi N, Odufuwa B, McCluskey P, Lightman S (2005) Scleritis. Survey of Ophthalmology 50(4):351–363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Bergmann L, Krause A, Hartmann C (1996) Autoimmune diseases of the peripheral cornea. Immunopathology, clinical aspects and therapy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 208(2):73–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Bertelmann E, Rieck P, Hartmann C (2002) Outcome of penetrating keratoplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. Ophthalmologica 216(4):249–255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pleyer U, Mackensen F, Winterhalter S, Stübiger (2011) Anti-TNF-α treatment for uveitis. Analysis of the current situation. Ophthalmologe 108(1):13–20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prada J, Noelle B, Baatz H et al (2003) Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 gene expression in keratocytes from patients with rheumatoid corneal ulcerations. Br J Ophthalmol 87(5):548–550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raiji VR, Palestine AG, Parver DL (2009) Scleritis and systemic disease association in a community-based referral practice. American Journal of Ophthalmology 148(6):946–950

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo JP, Molina MP (2010) Successful treatment of severe nodular scleritis with adalimumab. Clin Rheumatol 29(5):559–561

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riley GP, Harrall RL, Watson PG et al (1995) Collagenase (MMP-1) and TIMP-1 in destructive corneal disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eye (Lond) 9:703–718

    Google Scholar 

  • Riono WP, Hidayat AA, Rao NA (1999) Scleritis: a clinicopathologic study of 55 cases. Ophthalmology 106(7):1328–1333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild PR, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Brézin AP, Delair E, Guillevin L (2013) Ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic necrotizing vasculitides at diagnosis: a retrospective study of 1286 patients and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 42:507–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roufas A, Jalaludin B, Gaskin C, McCluskey P (2010) Subconjunctival triamcinolone treatment for non-necrotising anterior scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 94(6):743–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Sainz Maza M, Foster CS, Jabbur NS, Baltatzis S (2002) Ocular characteristics and disease associations in scleritis-associated peripheral keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 120(1):15–19

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Sainz Maza M, Molina N, Gonzalez-Gonzalez LA, Doctor PP, Tauber J, Foster CS (2012) Scleritis therapy. Ophthalmology 119(1):51–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobrin L, Christen W, Foster CS (2008) Mycophenolate mofetil after methotrexate failure or intolerance in the treatment of scleritis and uveitis. Ophthalmology 115(8):1416–1421

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sohn EH, Wang R, Read R, Roufas A, Moorthy R, Albini T et al (2011) Long-term, multi-center evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone for non-necrotizing, non-infectious anterior scleritis. Ophthalmology 118(10):1832–37 ((in press))

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith VA, Hoh HB, Easty DL (1999) Role of ocular matrix metalloproteinases in peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 83(12):1376–1383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spoerl E, Wollensak G, Seiler T (2004) Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion. Curr Eye Res 29(1):35–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J, de la Sainz Maza M, Hoang-Xuan T, Foster CS (1990) An analysis of therapeutic decision making regarding immunosuppressive chemotherapy for peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Cornea 9(1):66–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JW, Pflugfelder SC (2005) Therapy of progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated corneal ulceration with infliximab. Cornea 24(6):742–744

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Usui Y, Parikh J, Goto H, Rao NA (2008) Immunopathology of necrotising scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 92(3):417–419

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson PG, Hayreh SS (1976) Scleritis and episcleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 60:163–191

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss K, Rieger R, Keitzer R, Pleyer U (2007) Successful infliximab treatment of posterior scleritis in a 13-year-old child refractory to other immunosuppressive therapy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:1735–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Berlin Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland

    Uwe Pleyer Prof. Dr.

  2. Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin CBF, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland

    Argyrios Chronopoulos Dr. med.

  3. Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Tina Dietrich-Ntoukas PD Dr. med.

  4. Augenabteilung am St. Franziskus Hospital, Uveitis Zentrum, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145, Münster, Deutschland

    Arnd Heiligenhaus Prof. Dr. med.

  5. Augenabteilung am St. Franziskus Hospital Münster, Uveitis-Zentrum, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145, Münster, Deutschland

    Carsten Heinz PD Dr. med.

  6. Augenklinik der LMU, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336, München, Deutschland

    Elisabeth M. Messmer PD Dr.

  7. Universitätshautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Maja Mockenhaupt Prof. Dr. med.

  8. Campus Virchow Klinikum, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    Anne Rübsam Dr. med. & Juliane Schlomberg Dr. med.

Authors
  1. Argyrios Chronopoulos Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tina Dietrich-Ntoukas PD Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arnd Heiligenhaus Prof. Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Carsten Heinz PD Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Elisabeth M. Messmer PD Dr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Maja Mockenhaupt Prof. Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Uwe Pleyer Prof. Dr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anne Rübsam Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Juliane Schlomberg Dr. med.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Berlin Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Uwe Pleyer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chronopoulos, A. et al. (2014). Okuläre Oberfläche – nicht infektiös. In: Pleyer, U. (eds) Entzündliche Augenerkrankungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38419-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38419-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38418-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38419-6

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation