Abstract
Debugging is one of the main requirements for Interactive Storytelling (IS) authoring tools. During the authoring phase, authors have to specify large numbers of rules and actions as well as consider many possible paths. As a consequence, flaws may happen and finding them “by hand” is complex. Therefore the validation of an IS becomes a crucial issue and automatic assistance in this process is needful. Originated from those requirements, we propose, within the framework of this paper, a methodology using Linear Logic, based on analyzing automatically the resource allocation mechanisms, that helps authors derive a valid scenario of an IS. To do this, we model a scenario by a Linear Logic sequent, then prove the received sequent, which allows building and examining automatically all the possible branches in the scenario, thereby authors may guarantee that all the decisions (that may be made while unfolding the IS) lead to satisfactory endings of their goals. The paper ends with an example on an extract of an educational game to illustrate the methodology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrusci, V.M., Ruet, P.: Non-commutative logic I: The multiplicative fragment. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 101, 29–64 (1999, 2000)
Aylett, R.: Narrative in Virtual Environments – Towards Emergent Narrative. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium on Narrative Intelligence, pp. 83–86. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1999)
Aylett, R., Louchart, S., Dias, J., Paiva, A., Vala, M.: FearNot! - An Experiment in Emergent Narrative. In: Panayiotopoulos, T., Gratch, J., Aylett, R., Ballin, D., Olivier, P., Rist, T. (eds.) IVA 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3661, pp. 305–316. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Cavazza, M., Charles, F., Mead, S.J.: Character-based Interactive Storytelling. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems, special issue on AI in Interactive Entertainment, pp. 17–24 (2002)
Champagnat, R., Prigent, A., Estraillier, P.: Scenario building based on formal methods and adaptative execution. In: International Simulation and Gaming Association, ISAGA 2005, Atlanta, USA (2005)
Dang, K.D., Champagnat, R., Augeraud, M.: Modeling of Interactive Storytelling and Validation of Scenario by Means of Linear Logic. In: Aylett, R., Lim, M.Y., Louchart, S., Petta, P., Riedl, M. (eds.) ICIDS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6432, pp. 153–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Dang, K.D., Champagnat, R., Augeraud, M.: Interactive Storytelling Control for Video Games: an Approach Based on a Linear Logic Model. Internal report L3i-2011-001, L3i laboratory, University of La Rochelle, France (EU) (available on request) (2011)
Delmas, G., Champagnat, R., Augeraud, M.: A storytelling model for educational games: hero’s interactive journey. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, Special Issue on the Workshops of EC-TEL (2008)
Delmas, G., Champagnat, R., Augeraud, M.: From Tabletop RPG to Interactive Storytelling: Definition of a Story Manager for Videogames. In: Iurgel, I.A., Zagalo, N., Petta, P. (eds.) ICIDS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5915, pp. 121–126. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Figueiredo, R., Dias, J., Aylett, R., Louchart, S., Paiva, A.: Shaping Emergent Narratives for a Pedagogical Application. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, NILE, pp. 27–36 (2006)
Girard, J.-Y.: Linear Logic. Theoretical Computer Science 50(1), 1–101 (1987)
Girault, F.: Using linear logic to formalize Petri nets (in French). PhD Thesis, University of Toulouse III, France (EU) (1997)
Göbel, S., Iurgel, I.A., Rössler, M., Hülsken, F., Eckes, C.: Design and Narrative Structure for the Virtual Human Scenarios. International Journal of Virtual Reality 6(4), 1–10 (2007)
Göbel, S., Malkewitz, R., Becker, F.: Story Pacing in Interactive Storytelling. In: Pan, Z., Aylett, R.S., Diener, H., Jin, X., Göbel, S., Li, L. (eds.) Edutainment 2006. LNCS, vol. 3942, pp. 419–428. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Habert, L., Notin, J.-M., Galmiche, D.: LINK: A Proof Environment Based on Proof Nets. In: Egly, U., Fermüller, C.G. (eds.) TABLEAUX 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2381, pp. 330–334. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Hebert, L.: Tools for Text and Image Analysis: An Introduction to Applied Semiotics, Texto! (2006), http://www.revue-texto.net/Parutions/Livres-E/Hebert_AS/Hebert_Tools.html (last accessed August 15, 2011)
Indrzejczak, A.: Jaskowski and Gentzen approaches to natural deduction and related systems. In: The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy, pp. 253–264. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1998)
Juul, J.: A Clash Between Game and Narrative. In: Digital Arts and Culture Conference. Univ. Bergen, Norway (1998)
Kanovich, M.I.: Linear logic as a logic of computations. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 67(1-3), 183–212 (1994)
Kim, J., Blythe, J.: Supporting plan authoring and analysis. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 109–116. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Küngas, P.: Using Linear Logic Planning to Make Knowledge Bases Reactive. In: Proceedings of Seventh Symposium on Programming Languages and Software Tools, Szeged, Hungary, pp. 135–148 (2001)
Magerko, B.: Story Representation and Interactive Drama. In: Laird, J., et al. (eds.) 1st Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference, pp. 87–92. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2005)
Mateas, M.: Interactive Drama, Art, and Artificial Intelligence. PhD Thesis, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University (2002)
Pizzi, D., Cavazza, M.: From Debugging to Authoring: Adapting Productivity Tools to Narrative Content Description. In: Spierling, U., Szilas, N. (eds.) ICIDS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5334, pp. 285–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Porello, D., Endriss, U.: Modeling Multilateral Negotiation in Linear Logic. In: Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 381–386. IOS Press Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2010)
Riedl, M.O.: Narrative Generation: Balancing Plot and Character. PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University (2004)
Si, M., Marsella, S.C., Pynadath, D.V.: Directorial Control in a Decision-Theoretic Framework for Interactive Narrative. In: Iurgel, I.A., Zagalo, N., Petta, P. (eds.) ICIDS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5915, pp. 221–233. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Szilas, N.: IDtension: a Narrative Engine for Interactive Drama. In: Göbel, S., Braun, N., Spierling, U., Dechau, J., Diener, H. (eds.) TIDSE 2003, Germany, pp. 187–203 (2003)
Vega, L., Natkin, S.: A Petri net model for the analysis of the ordering of actions in computer games. In: Proceedings of 4th Annual European GAME-ON Conference, London, United Kingdom (2003)
Wong, W.L., Shen, C., Nocera, L., Carriazo, E., Tang, F., Bugga, S., Narayanan, H., Wang, H., Ritterfeld, U.: Serious Video Game Effectiveness. ACE, pp. 49–55. ACM Press, New York (2007)
Young, R.M., Riedl, M.O., Brandy, M., Martin, J., Saretto, C.J.: An Architecture for Integrating Plan-Based Behavior Generation with Interactive Game Environments. Journal of Game Development, 51–70 (2004)
A Linear Logic Prover (llprover), http://bach.istc.kobe-u.ac.jp/llprover (last accessed August 15, 2011)
Lolli, A.: Linear Logic Programming Language, http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~dale/lolli (last accessed August 15, 2011)
Lygon: Logic Programming with Linear Logic, http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/lygon (last accessed August 15, 2011)
Object Management Group/Business Process Management Initiative, http://www.bpmn.org (last accessed August 15, 2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dang, K.D., Champagnat, R., Augeraud, M. (2013). A Methodology to Validate Interactive Storytelling Scenarios in Linear Logic. In: Pan, Z., Cheok, A.D., Müller, W., Iurgel, I., Petta, P., Urban, B. (eds) Transactions on Edutainment X. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7775. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37919-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37919-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37918-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37919-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)