Zusammenfassung
Das menschliche Verdauungssystem besteht aus der Mundhöhle mit Zunge und Zähnen, der Speiseröhre (Ösophagus), dem Magen, Dünndarm (Duodenum, Jejunum und Ileum), dem Dickdarm (Kolon) und Enddarm (Rektum). Es handelt sich dabei um ein durchgehendes Hohlraumsystem vom Mund zum After, in dem die wesentlichen Funktionen stattfinden: Zerkleinerung von Nahrung, ihr Transport, Speicherung (Magen, Dickdarm), die biochemische Aufspaltung der Nahrungsbestandteile, die Abtötung von aufgenommenen Bakterien und die Absorption der niedermolekularen Nahrungsbestandteile. Außerdem werden Wasser und Mineralien im Dünndarm sowohl aufgenommen wie abgegeben; Flüssigkeitsresorption und vor allem bakterielle Verarbeitung der Nahrungsreste (u. a. Vitamin-K-Produktion) finden im Dickdarm statt.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Altman DF (1990) Changes in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, biliary, and hepatic function with aging. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 19:227–234
Bartlett D, Dugmore C (2008) Pathological or physiological erosion – is there a relationship to age? Clin Oral Investig 12(Suppl 1):27–31
Bhutto A, Morley JE (2008) The clinical significance of gastrointestinal changes with aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metal Care 11:651–660
Braidy N, Guillemin GJ, Mansour H et al (2011) Age related changes in NAD + metabolism oxidative stress and Sirt1 activity in wistar rats. PLoS One 6:e19194
Cnop M, Igoillo-Esteve M, Hughes SJ, Walker JN, Cnop I, Clark A (2011) Longevity of human islet α- and β-cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 13(Suppl 1):39–46
Corazza GR, Frazzoni M, Gatto MR, Gasbarini G (1986) Ageing and small-bowel mucosa: a morphometric study. Gerontology 32:60–65
Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Rooney PH, Murray GI (2005) Mortalin is overexpressed by colorectal cancer and correlates with poor survival. J Pathol 205:74–81
El-Serag H, Siegel A, Davila J et al (2006) Treatment and outcomes of treating of hepatocellular carcinoma among Medicare recipients in the United States: a population based study. J Hepatol 44:158–166
Franceschi M, Di Mario F, Leandro G, Maggi S, Pilotto A (2009) Acid-related disorders in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23:839–848
Frith J, Jones D, Newton JL (2009) Chronic liver disease in an ageing population. Age Ageing 38:11–18
Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Gibbons SJ, Kendrick ML, Sarr MG, Shen KR, Pozo MJ, Ordog T, Farrugia G (2010) Effects of aging on interstitial cells of Cajal in the human stomach. (Abstract). Gastroenterology 138:311–312
Gonsalves WC, Wrightson AS, Henry RG (2008) Common oral conditions in older persons. Am Fam Physician 78:845–852
Hartmann D, Srivastava U, Thaler M (2011) Telomerase gene mutations are associated with cirrhosis formation. Hepatology 53:1608–1617
Haruma K, Kamada T, Kawaguchi H et al (2000) Effect of age and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acid secretion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:277–283
Hoffmann JC, Zeitz M (2002) Small bowel disease in the elderly: diarrhoea and malabsorption. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 16:17–36
Holt PR (2001) Diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 30:427–444
Huttner EA, Machado DC, de Oliveira RB, Antunes AG, Hebling E (2009) Effects of human aging on periodontal tissues. Spec Care Dentist 29:149–155
Izbeki F, Asuzu DT, Lorincz A, Bardsley MR, Popko LN, Choi KM, Young DL, Hayashi Y, Linden DR, Kuro-O M, Farrugia G, Ordog T (2010) Loss of Kitlow progenitors, reduces stem cell factor and high oxidative stress underlie gastric dysfunction in progeric mice. J Physiol 588:3101–3117
Jin J, Wang GL, Timchenko L, Timchenko NA (2009) GSK3beta and aging liver. Aging 1:582–585
Köneke C (2005) Die interdisziplinäre Therapie der Craniomandibulären Dysfunktion. Quintessenz, Berlin
Lader CS, Flanagan AM (1998) Prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1 alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase human osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. Endocrinology 139:3157–3164
Lebel M, de Souza-Pinto NC, Bohr VA (2011) Metabolism, genomics, and DNA repair in the mouse aging liver. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2011:859415
Madsen JL, Graff J (2004) Effects of aging on gastrointestinal motor function. Age Aging 33:154–159
Mamidipudi V, Chang BY, Harte RA, Lee KC, Cartwright CA (2004) RACK1 inhibits the serum- and anchorage-independent growth of v-Src transformed cells. FEBS Lett 567:321–326
Meier J, Sturm A (2009) The intestinal epithelial barrier: does it become impaired with age? Dig Dis 27:240–245
Morley JE (2007) The aging gut: physiology. Clin Geriatr Med 23:757–767
O’Mahony D, O’Leary P, Quigley EM (2002) Aging and intestinal motility: a review of factors that affect intestinal motility in the aged. Drugs Aging 19:515–527
Potter J, James O (1987) Clinical features and prognosis of alcoholic liver disease in respect of advancing age. Gerontology 33:380–387
Salles N (2007) Basic mechanisms of the aging gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis 25:112–117
Salles N (2009) Is stomach spontaneously ageing? Pathophysiology of the ageing stomach. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23:805–819
Sato T, Ito K, Tamada T, Sone T et al (2011) Age-related changes in normal adult pancreas: MR imaging evaluation. Eur J Radiol 81:2093–2098
Scully C, Ettinger RL (2007) The influence of systemic diseases on oral health care in older adults. J Am Dent Assoc 138(Suppl):7S–14S
Shimamoto C, Hirata I, Hiraike Y, Takeuchi N, Nomura T, Katsu K (2002) Evaluation of gastric motor activity in the elderly by electrogastrography and the (13)C-acetate breath test. Gerontology 48:381–386
Stanford CM (2007) Dental implants. A role in geriatric dentistry for the general practice? J Am Dent Assoc 138(Suppl):34S–40S
Takatsu M, Uyeno S, Komura J, Watanabe M, Ono T (1999) Age-dependent alterations in mRNA level and promoter methylation of collagen alpha 1 (1) gene in human peridontal ligament. Mech Ageing Dev 110:37–48
Thomson AB (2009) Small intestinal disorders in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23:861–874
Timchenko NA (2009) Aging and liver regeneration. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 20:171–176
Yi H, Li XH, Yi B, Zheng J, Zhu G, Li C, Li MY, Zhang PF, Li JL, Chen ZC, Xiao ZQ (2010) Identification of Rack1, EF-Tu and Rhodanese as aging-related proteins in human colonic epithelium by proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 9:1416–1423
Zarowitz BJ (2009) Pharmacology consideration of commonly used gastrointestinal drugs in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 38:547–562
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rensing, L., Rippe, V. (2014). Das Verdauungssystem. In: Altern. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37733-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37733-4_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37732-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37733-4
eBook Packages: Life Science and Basic Disciplines (German Language)