Abstract
In Peer-to-peer systems the process of unexpected nodes failures becomes critical. When some nodes depart from the network without uploading gathered information into the system, some data which are stored on the departed nodes will not be available. In our paper we address this issue for Chord-based P2P systems. We investigate two replication schemes: successor list and multiple Chord rings. We propose a novel analytical model to describe the process of unexpected nodes failures for investigated replication scheme. Let ε > 0. Let d be replication degree in Chord with successor-list replication. We prove that for large n after failure of \(n^{1-\frac{1}{d}-\epsilon}\) nodes from Chord with successor list replication no document is lost with high probability. We also prove that for k multiple chord rings after unexpected departures of \(\frac{n^{1-\frac{1}{k}}}{n^{\frac{1}{2k}}}\) nodes, the system stays in safe configuration with high probability. As a practical illustration of our detailed theoretical analysis of replication schemes we discuss the recovery mechanism of partially lost information. We show how the system fault tolerance changes depending of different replica degree.
Supported by grant nr 2012/S20027 of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chen, S., Li, Y., Rao, K., Zhao, L., Li, T., Chen, S.: Building a scalable P2P network with small routing delay. In: Zhang, Y., Yu, G., Bertino, E., Xu, G. (eds.) APWeb 2008. LNCS, vol. 4976, pp. 456–467. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Cichoń, J., Jasiński, A., Kapelko, R., Zawada, M.: How to improve the reliability of chord? In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM-WS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5333, pp. 904–913. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Cichoń, J., Kapelko, R., Marchwicki, K.: Brief announcement: A note on replication of documents. In: Défago, X., Petit, F., Villain, V. (eds.) SSS 2011. LNCS, vol. 6976, pp. 439–440. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Cooper, R.B.: Introduction To Queueing Theory, 2nd edn. Elsevier North Holland, Inc. (1981)
Dabek, F., Kaashoek, M., Karger, D., Morris, R., Stoica, I.: Wide-area cooperative storgae with cfs. In: 18th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), New York, USA, pp. 202–215 (2001)
Derek, L., Zhong, Y., Vivek, R., Loguinov, D.: On lifetime-based node failure and stochastic resilience of decentralized peer-to-peer networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 5(15), 644–656 (2007)
Rowstron, A., Druschel, P.: Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. In: Guerraoui, R. (ed.) Middleware 2001. LNCS, vol. 2218, pp. 329–350. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Flocchini, P., Nayak, A., Xie, M.: Hybrid-chord: A peer-to-peer system based on chord. In: Ghosh, R.K., Mohanty, H. (eds.) ICDCIT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3347, pp. 194–203. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Flocchini, P., Nayak, A., Xie, M.: Enhancing peer-to-peer systems through redundancy. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 1(25), 15–24 (2007)
Ghodsi, A., Alima, L.O., Haridi, S.: Symmetric replication for structured peer-to-peer systems. In: Moro, G., Bergamaschi, S., Joseph, S., Morin, J.-H., Ouksel, A.M. (eds.) DBISP2P 2005 and DBISP2P 2006. LNCS, vol. 4125, pp. 74–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Park, G., Kim, S., Cho, Y., Kook, J., Hong, J.: Chordet: An Efficient and Transparent Replication for Improving Availability of Peer-to-Peer Networked Systems. In: 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Sierre, Switzerland, pp. 221–225 (2010)
Lakshman, A., Malik, P.: Cassandra: a decentralized structured storage systems. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 2(44), 35–40 (2010)
Li, Z., Hwang, K.: Churn resilient protocol for massive data dissemination in p2p networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 22, 1342–1349 (2011)
Liben-Nowell, D., Balakrishnan, H., Karger, D.: Analysis of the Evolution of Peer-to-Peer Systems. In: ACM Conference on Principles of Distributed Computing, Monterey, California, USA, pp. 233–242 (2002)
Maymounkov, P., Mazières, D.: Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric. In: Druschel, P., Kaashoek, M.F., Rowstron, A. (eds.) IPTPS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2429, pp. 53–65. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Pitoura, T., Ntarmos, N., Triantafillou, P.: Replication, load balancing and efficient range query processing in dHTs. In: Ioannidis, Y., Scholl, M.H., Schmidt, J.W., Matthes, F., Hatzopoulos, M., Böhm, K., Kemper, A., Grust, T., Böhm, C. (eds.) EDBT 2006. LNCS, vol. 3896, pp. 131–148. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Ratnasamy, S., Francis, P., Handley, M., Karp, R., Shenker, S.: A Scalable Content-addressable Network. In: SIGCOMM 2001, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 161–172 (2001)
Rieche, S., Wehrle, K., Landsiedel, O., Götz, S., Petrak, L.: Reliability of data in structured peer-to-peer systes. In: HOT-P2P 2004, Volendam, The Netherland, pp. 108–113 (2004)
Kapelko, R.: Towards efficient replication of documents in chord: Case (r,s) erasure codes. In: Liu, B., Ma, M., Chang, J. (eds.) ICICA 2012. LNCS, vol. 7473, pp. 477–483. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Shafaat, T.M., Ahmad, B., Haridi, S.: ID-replication for structured peer-to-peer systems. In: Kaklamanis, C., Papatheodorou, T., Spirakis, P.G. (eds.) Euro-Par 2012. LNCS, vol. 7484, pp. 364–376. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, M.F., Balakrishnan, H.: Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-Peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications. In: SIGCOMM 2001, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 149–160 (2001)
Vu, Q., Lupu, M., Ooi, B.: Peer-to-Peer Computing. Springer (2010)
Wang, C., Harfoush, K.: On the stability-scalability tradeoff of dht deployment. In: INFOCOM 2007, 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp. 2207–2215 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kapelko, R. (2013). Towards Fault-Tolerant Chord P2P System: Analysis of Some Replication Strategies. In: Ishikawa, Y., Li, J., Wang, W., Zhang, R., Zhang, W. (eds) Web Technologies and Applications. APWeb 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7808. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37401-2_67
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37401-2_67
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37400-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37401-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)