Abstract
Patients with facial pain that has been attributed to potential nasal or sinus pathology present frequently to otolaryngologists. An otolaryngologist, who wishes to comprehensively diagnose and treat these patients, has to also integrate neurological, rheumatological, dental and musculoskeletal conditions in his/her differential diagnosis. Experimental evidence and clinical research indicate that migraine, tension headache, whiplash neck injury, temporomandibular joint pain and sinus pain share a common pathophysiology – central sensitisation. Central sensitisation introduces the concept that the central nervous system (CNS) modifies the degree, duration and spatial extent of pain in a way that reflects the functional states of the CNS, rather than the site or intensity of peripheral noxious stimuli. Other local and distant pathologies, apart from sinus inflammation, can cause central sensitisation and be related to facial pain. A variety of pathologies need consideration in a comprehensive diagnostic workup. With chronic facial pain patients, a multidisciplinary approach is often required.
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Abbreviations
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CRS:
-
Chronic rhinosinusitis
- MOH:
-
Medication overuse headache
- TMJ:
-
Temporomandibular joint
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
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Bartley, J. (2013). Sinus Pain. In: Önerci, T. (eds) Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_18
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