Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plate Boundary Deformation Following the December 26, 2004 Andaman–Sumatra Earthquake Revealed by GPS Observations and Seismic Moment Tensors

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet

Part of the book series: International Association of Geodesy Symposia ((IAG SYMPOSIA,volume 139))

  • 2974 Accesses

Abstract

To investigate the transient strain rate of postseismic deformation associated with the highly devastating December 26, 2004 Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (Mw 9.3), a combined analysis have been done using GPS data and Seismic Moment Tensors (SMT) acquired from Andaman–Nicobar–Sumatra regions during 2005–2007. The displacement estimated during postseismic periods 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 with respect to ITRF2008 and Indian Reference Frame, display dominating arc-normal active deformation in the southern part close to epicenter, and arc-parallel deformation towards the northern part of the Andaman–Nicobar–Sumatra Subduction Zone (ANSSZ). The principal strain rates during 2005–2006 periods indicate larger strain accumulation and decreased rate of strain during 2006–2007 with a maximum arc-normal compression on southern part of ANSSZ and a changing trend of arc-parallel extension towards the central and northern part along the ANSSZ. Stress inversion using SMT also indicate compressive horizontal stress in the southern part and extensional stress towards the central and northern part of the study area, and a remarkable agreement with GPS derived strain rate pattern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ammon CJ, Ji C, Thio H, Robinson D et al (2005) Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Science 308:1133–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee P, Pollitz FF, Bürgmann R (2005) The size and duration of the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets. Science 308:1769–1772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgmann R, Dresen G (2008) Rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle: evidence from rock mechanics, geodesy, and field observations. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 36:531–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chlieh M, Avouac J-P, Hjorleifsdottir V et al (2007) Coseismic slip and afterslip of the great Mw 915 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 2004. Bull Seism Soc Am 97(1A):S152–S173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curray JR, Moore DG, Lawver LA et al (1979) Tectonics of the Andaman sea and Burma. Am Assoc Pet Geol Memoir 29:189–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Curray JR, Emmel FJ, Moore DG, Raitt RW (1982) Structure, tectonics and geological history of the NE Indian ocean. In: Nairn AEM, Sehli FG (eds) The Ocean Basins and Margins. The Indian Ocean, vol 6, pp 399–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigl KL, King RW, Jordan TH (1990) Geodetic measurement of tectonic deformation in the Santa Maria Fold and Thrust Belt, California. J Geophys Res 90:2679–2699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feigl KL et al (1993) Space geodetic measurement of crustal deformation in central and southern California 1984–1992. J Geophys Res 98:21677–21712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genrich JF, Bock Y, MvCaffrey R, Parawirodirdjo L, Stevens C, Puntodewo SO, Subarya C, Wdowinsky S (2000) Distribution of slip at the northern Sumatran fault system. J Geophys Res 105:722–743

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardebeck JL, Michael AJ (2004) Stress orientations at intermediate angles to the San Andreas Fault, California. J Geophys Res 109:B11303. doi:10.1029/2004JB003239

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardebeck JL, Michael AJ (2006) Damped regional-scale stress inversions: methodology and examples from southern California aftershock sequence. J Geophys Res 111:B11310. doi:10.1029/2005JB004144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hearn EH, Bürgmann R, Reilinger R (2002) Dynamics of Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and loading of the Düzce earthquake hypocenter. Bull Seism Soc Am 92:172–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herring TA, King RW, McClusky SC (2006a) GAMIT reference manual, GPS analysis at MIT. Version 103. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  • Herring TA, King RW, McClusky SC (2006b) GLOBK reference manual, Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS analysis program. Release 103 Department of earth atmospheric and planetary science Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu Y-J, Yu S-B, Simons M, Kuo L-C, Chen H-Y (2009) Interseismic crustal deformation in the Taiwan plate boundary zone revealed by GPS observations, seismicity, and focal mechanisms. Tectonophysics 479:4–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreemer C, Blewitt G, Hammond WC, Plag H (2006) Global deformation from the great 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake observed by GPS: implications for rupture process and global reference frame. Earth Planet Space 58:141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marone CJ, Scholz CH, Bilham R (1991) On the mechanics of earthquake afterslip. J Geophys Res 96:8441–8452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCaffrey R, Zwick P, Bock Y, Parwieodirdjo L, Genrich J, Stevens C, Puntodewo S, Subarya S (2000) Strain partitioning during oblique plate convergence in northern Sumatra: geodetic observations and numerical modeling. J Geophys Res 105:28363–28375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClusky S, Balassanian S, Barka A et al (2000) Global positioning system constrains on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. J Geophys Res 105(B3):5695–5719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael AJ (1984) Determination of stress from slip data: faults and fold. J Geophys Res 89:11517–11526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael AJ (1987) Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress: a control study. J Geophys Res 92:357–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nanayama F, Satake K, Furukawa R et al (2003) Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench. Nature 424:660–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Song TA, Tromp J et al (2005) Earth’s free oscillations excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Science 308:1139–1144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul J, Lowry AR, Bilham R, Sen S, Smalley R Jr (2007) Postseismic deformation of the Andaman following the 26 December, 2004 Great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Geophys Res Lett 34:L19309. doi:10.1029/2007GL031024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollitz FF (1997) Gravitational viscoelastic postseismic relaxation on a layered spherical earth. J Geophys Res 102:17921–17941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollitz FF (2003) Postseismic relaxation theory on a laterally heterogeneous viscoelastic model. Geophys J Int 155:57–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy CD, Prajapati SK, Kato T (2009) A Rheological model for post-seismic response due to 2004-Sumatra–Andaman earthquake: contribution from low viscosity lithosphere. J Earthquake Tsunami 3(1):25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy CD, Sunil PS (2008) Post-seismic crustal deformation and strain rate in Bhuj region, western India, after the 2001 January 26 earthquake. Geophys J Int 172:593–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savage JC (1990) Equivalent strike-slip earthquake cycles in half-space and lithosphere–asthenosphere earth models. J Geophys Res 95:4873–4879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savage JC, Prescott WH (1978) Asthenosphere readjustment and the earthquake cycle. J Geophys Res 83:13369–13376

    Google Scholar 

  • Socquet A, Vigny C, Rooke NC et al (2006) India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. J Geophys Res 111:B05406. doi:10.1029/ 2005JB003877

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigny C, Simons WJF, Abu S et al (2005) Insight into the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from GPS measurements in Southeast Asia. Nature 436:201–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Wank K, He J, Klotz J et al (2004) Three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model for postseismic deformation of the great 1960 Chile earthquake. J Geophys Res 109:B12403. doi:10.1029/2004JB003163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Hu Y, Bevis M et al (2007) Crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 Chile earthquake: detangling earthquake-cycle deformation and forearc-sliver translation. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 8(10):Q10010. doi:10.1029/2007GC001721

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Teruyuki Kato and many colleagues, who have participated in collecting GPS data. The maps were generated by Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software package. The author also grateful thanks to Head, seismology division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi for permission to publish the work. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sumer Chopra for critically reviewing and giving constructive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Seismology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Sanjay K. Prajapati

  2. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India

    P. S. Sunil & C. D. Reddy

Authors
  1. Sanjay K. Prajapati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. S. Sunil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. D. Reddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sanjay K. Prajapati .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Surveying, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Chris Rizos

  2. Direction Technique, Institut national de l'Information, Saint-Mandé, France

    Pascal Willis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Prajapati, S.K., Sunil, P.S., Reddy, C.D. (2014). Plate Boundary Deformation Following the December 26, 2004 Andaman–Sumatra Earthquake Revealed by GPS Observations and Seismic Moment Tensors. In: Rizos, C., Willis, P. (eds) Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, vol 139. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation