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Primär- und Sekundärprävention

  • Chapter
Allergologie

Zusammenfassung

Die Empfehlungen der S3-Leitlinie Allergieprävention wurden auf der Basis von 165 ausgewerteten Studien überarbeitet. Nahezu unverändert blieben die Empfehlungen zum Vollstillen über 4 Monate (bei Risikokindern alternativ hypoallergene Säuglingsnahrung), der Vermeidung von Übergewicht, zum Fischkonsum (in Schwangerschaft/Stillzeit und als Beikost), zur Vermeidung der Luftschadtstoff- und Tabakrauchexposition, der Vermeidung eines schimmelpilzfördernden Innenraumklimas und der Impfung nach Empfehlungen der STIKO. Unverändert bleibt auch die Aussage, dass eine Reduktion des Hausstaubmilbenallergengehaltes als primärpräventive Maßnahme nicht empfohlen wird. Die Beikosteinführung sollte nicht verzögert werden. Bei Risikokindern sollten keine Katzen angeschafft werden. Die Haltung von Hunden im Haushalt ist nicht mit einem erhöhten Allergierisiko verbunden. Neu aufgenommen wurde die Empfehlung, das erhöhte Asthmarisiko nach Kaiserschnittentbindung zu berücksichtigen. Weitere Stellungnahmen wurden zu Prä- und Probiotika, psychosozialen Faktoren, Medikamenten und verschiedenen Nahrungsbestandteilen formuliert.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    s. auch Empfehlungen der Ernährungskommission der DGKJ und Schack-Nielsen L, Michaelsen KF (2007) J Nutr 137: 503S–510S

  2. 2.

    Entspricht der WHO-Definition »predominant breastfeeding«: »Predominant breastfeeding« means that the infant’s predominant source of nourishment has been breast milk (including milk expressed or from a wet nurse as the predominant source of nourishment). However, the infant may also have received liquids (water and water-based drinks, fruit juice) ritual fluids and ORS, drops or syrups (vitamins, minerals and medicines). http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/infantfeeding_recommendation/en/index.html

  3. 3.

    Unabhängig davon wurde bislang die Indikation für Säuglingsanfangsnahrungen auf Sojabasis von ernährungswissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften aus teilweise gesundheitsbedenklichen Gründen sehr eng gestellt (ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition1, Agostoni C, Axelsson I, Goulet O, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Puntis J, Rieu D, Rigo J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D (2006) Soy protein infant formulae and follow-on formulae: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42: 352–361)

  4. 4.

    Es gibt derzeit keine Belege für eine allergiepräventive Wirkung anderer Tiermilchen wie Ziegen-, Schafs- oder Stutenmilch.

  5. 5.

    s. auch Empfehlungen der Ernährungskommission der DGKJ und des FKE

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  1. Dermatologische Praxis, Kirchplatz 3, 87509, Immenstadt, Deutschland

    T. Schäfer Prof. Dr. med.

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  1. T. Schäfer Prof. Dr. med.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technischen Universität München, München

    Tilo Biedermann

  2. Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe

    Werner Heppt

  3. Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg

    Harald Renz

  4. Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen

    Martin Röcken

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Schäfer, T. (2016). Primär- und Sekundärprävention. In: Biedermann, T., Heppt, W., Renz, H., Röcken, M. (eds) Allergologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_60

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