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Genetik und Epigenetik von allergischen Erkrankungen und Asthma

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Allergologie

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Zusammenfassung

Allergische Erkrankungen sind sehr heterogene Krankheitsbilder, deren Entstehung und Verlauf in erheblichem Maße durch erbliche Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Durch den Einsatz moderner molekulargenetischer Methoden konnten innerhalb der letzten 10 Jahre eine Vielzahl bislang unbekannter genetischer Risikofaktoren identifiziert werden. Obwohl die zugrunde liegenden kausalen Mechanismen häufig noch unzureichend verstanden sind, haben die bisherigen Erkenntnisse schon jetzt pathophysiologische Konzepte nachhaltig verändert und wichtige Stimuli zur Entwicklung gezielter präventiver und therapeutischer Ansätze gegeben. Insbesondere wurde die wichtige Bedeutung epithelialer Mechanismen in der Ätiologie allergischer Erkrankungen deutlich. Erste Studien deuten außerdem darauf hin, dass epigenetischen Faktoren in der Pathogenese eine wichtige Rolle zukommt. Die fortschreitende Entwicklung molekularbiologischer Strategien und die Integration klinischer und molekularer Daten werden zur weiteren Aufklärung erblicher Mechanismen und zur Abgrenzung von Patientensubgruppen beitragen und so die Entwicklung einer stratifizierten Medizin im Bereich der Allergologie befördern.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 7, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland

    E. Rodriguez Dr. rer. nat.

  2. Standort Klinik St. Hedwig, Kinderuniversitätsklinik Ostbayern (KUNO), Steinmetzstraße 2–4, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland

    M. Kabesch Prof. Dr. med. univ.

  3. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 7, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland

    S. Weidinger Prof. Dr. med.

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  1. S. Weidinger Prof. Dr. med.
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  2. M. Kabesch Prof. Dr. med. univ.
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  3. E. Rodriguez Dr. rer. nat.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technischen Universität München, München

    Tilo Biedermann

  2. Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe

    Werner Heppt

  3. Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg

    Harald Renz

  4. Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen

    Martin Röcken

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Weidinger, S., Kabesch, M., Rodriguez, E. (2016). Genetik und Epigenetik von allergischen Erkrankungen und Asthma. In: Biedermann, T., Heppt, W., Renz, H., Röcken, M. (eds) Allergologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_3

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