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Bewusstseinsstörungen und Enzephalopathien pp 403–417Cite as

Toxische und physikalisch bedingte Enzephalopathien

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Zusammenfassung

Auslöser toxischer Enzephalopathien können Substanzen aus der Umwelt und Suchtmittel inklusive deren Verunreinigungen sein. Besonders lipophile Substanzen aus beruflicher oder privater Exposition wie organische Lösungsmittel, Alkohole und Metalle in anorganischer oder organisch gebundener Form spielen eine Rolle. Apolare Substanzen überqueren am leichtesten die Blut-Hirn-Schranke und lagern sich im ZNS bevorzugt in den Basalganglien (Metalle) und in der weißen Substanz (Lösungsmittel) ab oder schädigen die Hirnrinde (z.B. Alkohole, CO). Die toxischen Effekte können diverse Begleitsymptome in schnell teilenden Geweben wie Haut, Haare, Blut und Darm auslösen, aber auch ataktische und neuropathische Symptomatiken und Kopfschmerzen. Neben Auslösern wie relevanten Giften aus dem Tierreich und toxischen Gasen werden auch die Enzephalopathien infolge physikalischer Einwirkungen diskutiert, namentlich durch thermische, mechanische und elektromagnetische Energie in Form von ionisierender und nicht-ionisierender Strahlung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Univ.-Klinik, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    L. Harms

  2. Neurologische Univ.-Klinik, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    H. Prüß

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  1. L. Harms
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  1. Klinik für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Friedrich-Ebert-Krankenhaus Neumünster GmbH, Neumünster, Germany

    Hans-Christian Hansen

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Harms, L., Prüß, H. (2013). Toxische und physikalisch bedingte Enzephalopathien . In: Hansen, HC. (eds) Bewusstseinsstörungen und Enzephalopathien. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36915-5_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36915-5_27

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