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6 Biological Control of Weeds with Fungi

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Agricultural Applications

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 11))

Abstract

Biological control of weeds with fungi involves the use of two distinct strategies: classical biological control (CBC) and inundative biological control (IBC). CBC follows the enemy release hypothesis, which posits that plant species in exotic habitats lack their full complement of coevolved natural enemies and thus are fitter and more competitive than the indigenous flora, enabling some species to become invasive and dominant. The CBC strategy is to introduce coevolved (obligate) fungal pathogens into the exotic-invaded region and to reduce competitiveness of the target weed, and thereby to restore the natural balance. Before release is sanctioned by the relevant authorities in the receiving country, a full history of the fungal CBC agent is a prerequisite. This forms the basis of the pest risk assessment, of which the principal objective is to demonstrate specificity to the target weed. Details of the concepts and protocols employed are presented in examples from past and present CBC programmes. IBC is based on the development of a product or mycoherbicide, incorporating an indigenous necrotrophic fungal pathogen that can be mass-produced and formulated, and applied in the same manner as a chemical herbicide. The safety record of CBC has been impeccable, the success rate has been high, and the prospects are encouraging. Conversely, IBC remains a minor player on the weed management stage, and products are targeted at niche markets, typically against invasive woody weeds in non-agricultural systems.

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    Harry C. Evans

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Evans, H.C. (2013). 6 Biological Control of Weeds with Fungi. In: Kempken, F. (eds) Agricultural Applications. The Mycota, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_6

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