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13 The Biotrophy–Necrotrophy Switch in Fungal Pathogenesis

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Agricultural Applications

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 11))

Abstract

In recent years, increasing numbers of plant pathogenic fungi have been identified as hemibiotrophs, i.e., pathogens sequentially differentiating biotrophic and necrotrophic hyphae in the host tissue. Interestingly, these pathogens make it possible to analyze biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles at the molecular level in the same genetic background. Biotrophic development strictly depends on prevention of initiation of plant defense responses, either by masking pathogen-associated molecular patterns or by secretion of effectors which efficiently interfere with recognition of the invading pathogen and/or signal transduction. After establishment of biotrophic hyphae, hemibiotrophs switch to necrotrophic development. The signal(s) leading to switching of hyphal morphology and lifestyles is/are so far unknown, but fundamental physiological changes are associated with these changes. For example, the carbon sources available during biotrophic growth in the interfacial matrix are probably strikingly different from those available during growth on killed host tissue, and, accordingly, different sets of sugar transporters differing in their substrate specificity are activated. Furthermore, associated with changing lifestyle, dramatic changes in fungal secondary metabolism occur, and these changes probably pave the necrotrophic pathway.

This review provides an overview of recent development and understanding of fungal hemibiotrophy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), FOR666 project A1; project HO4600/1-1 and project HO4600/2-1, and by Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN).

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  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung, IZN), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Ralf Horbach & Holger B. Deising

  2. Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Holger B. Deising

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  1. Ralf Horbach
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Correspondence to Ralf Horbach .

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  1. Universität Kiel Botanisches Institut, Kiel, Germany

    Frank Kempken

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Horbach, R., Deising, H.B. (2013). 13 The Biotrophy–Necrotrophy Switch in Fungal Pathogenesis. In: Kempken, F. (eds) Agricultural Applications. The Mycota, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_13

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