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Introduction to 4D Motion Modeling and 4D Radiotherapy

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4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

The fusion of the fast growing fields of imaging science, imaging hardware, and computational modeling, together with a broad interest in learning more about respiratory anatomy and physiology, has led to major advances in the scientific understanding and clinical applications of 4D motion modeling and radiotherapy. The advent of respiratory correlated, or ‘4D’ CT imaging has opened up applications in ventilation imaging, radiation oncology and beyond. In radiation oncology in particular, 4D CT is used in clinical practice by over 60 % of US cancer centers, growing \({\approx }7\) % per year. In this chapter we give discuss the history and growth of 4D CT, describe the variability in respiratory motion, and state both the applications and limitations of 4D CT imaging.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Julie Baz for her formatting and always valuable critique. PJK acknowledges financial support of the Australian NHMRC Australia Fellowship and US NIH/NCI grants P01CA116602 and R01CA93626. Thanks to Drs. Daniel Simpson and Loren Mell, UC San Diego, for providing the raw data for Fig. 1.1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Paul Keall

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA

    Paul Keall, Tokihiro Yamamoto & Yelin Suh

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA

    Yelin Suh

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  1. Paul Keall
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  2. Tokihiro Yamamoto
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  3. Yelin Suh
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Correspondence to Paul Keall .

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  1. , Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Universität Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany

    Jan Ehrhardt

  2. Forschungslaboratorien, Digital Imaging 24, Philips Technologie GmbH, Röntgenstraße 24 - 26, Hamburg, 22335, Germany

    Cristian Lorenz

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Keall, P., Yamamoto, T., Suh, Y. (2013). Introduction to 4D Motion Modeling and 4D Radiotherapy. In: Ehrhardt, J., Lorenz, C. (eds) 4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36441-9_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36441-9_1

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