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Engineered ECM Microenvironments and Their Regulation of Stem Cells

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Extracellular Matrix in Development

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM))

Abstract

Stem cells possess numerous therapeutic benefits since it is possible to reproducibly control their ability to mature into different cell types even after prolonged culture in vitro; this ability makes stem cells well suited for tissue engineering and regenerative applications. Consequently, understanding stem cell differentiation is a crucial step for those applications. Regulating stem cell fate has traditionally relied on presenting small molecules such as growth factors and cytokines in developmentally appropriate ways, but such a view overlooks other important niche characteristics. Recently, extracellular matrix (ECM) properties have been shown to influence cellular behavior independent of chemical signals, and this has shifted the differentiation paradigm to include ECM properties, e.g. topography, stiffness, composition, porosity, and cell shape/size. Recent advances in bioengineering have enabled versatility in patterning cell types with controlled chemistries, geometries, and sizes. In this chapter, we detail the recent advances in nano- or microfabrication techniques, the biomechanical- and biophysical-driven stem cell differentiation, and the mechanism of how cells “feel” their ECM environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Yu Suk Choi, Andrew W. Holle & Adam J. Engler

  2. Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Yu Suk Choi, Andrew W. Holle & Adam J. Engler

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  1. Yu Suk Choi
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  2. Andrew W. Holle
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  3. Adam J. Engler
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Correspondence to Adam J. Engler .

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  1. School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Jeanette Lancaster Way 200, Charlottesville, 22903, Virginia, USA

    Douglas W. DeSimone

  2. School of Medicine, Dept. Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, South Euclid Avenue 660, St. Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA

    Robert P. Mecham

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Choi, Y.S., Holle, A.W., Engler, A.J. (2013). Engineered ECM Microenvironments and Their Regulation of Stem Cells. In: DeSimone, D., Mecham, R. (eds) Extracellular Matrix in Development. Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_6

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