Skip to main content

Fixpoint Computation in the Polyhedra Abstract Domain Using Convex and Numerical Analysis Tools

  • Conference paper
Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI 2013)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 7737))

Abstract

Polyhedra abstract domain is one of the most expressive and used abstract domains for the static analysis of programs. Together with Kleene algorithm, it computes precise yet costly program invariants. Widening operators speed up this computation and guarantee its termination, but they often induce a loss of precision, especially for numerical programs. In this article, we present a process to accelerate Kleene iteration with a good trade-off between precision and computation time. For that, we use two tools: convex analysis to express the convergence of convex sets using support functions, and numerical analysis to accelerate this convergence applying sequence transformations. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method on benchmarks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Amato, G., Parton, M., Scozzari, F.: Discovering invariants via simple component analysis. J. Symb. Comput. 47(12), 1533–1560 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Bagnara, R., Hill, P.M., Ricci, E., Zaffanella, E.: Precise widening operators for convex polyhedra. Sci. Comput. Program. 58(1-2), 28–56 (2005), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2005.02.003

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bagnara, R., Hill, P.M., Zaffanella, E.: Not necessarily closed convex polyhedra and the double description method. Formal Asp. Comput. 17(2), 222–257 (2005)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Bouissou, O., Seladji, Y.: Numerical abstract domain using support function. Presented at the Fifth International Workshop on Numerical Software Verification, http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~bouissou/pdf/bouissou_seladji_nsv_12.pdf

  5. Bouissou, O., Seladji, Y., Chapoutot, A.: Acceleration of the abstract fixpoint computation in numerical program analysis. J. Symb. Comput. 47(12), 1479–1511 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Brezinski, C., Redivo Zaglia, M.: Extrapolation Methods-Theory and Practice. North-Holland (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brezinski, C., Redivo Zaglia, M.: Generalizations of Aitken’s process for accelerating the convergence of sequences. Comp. and Applied Math. 26(2) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cousot, P., Cousot, R.: Comparing the Galois Connection and Widening/Narrowing Approaches to Abstract Interpretation, Invited Paper. In: Bruynooghe, M., Wirsing, M. (eds.) PLILP 1992. LNCS, vol. 631, pp. 269–295. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Cousot, P., Halbwachs, N.: Automatic discovery of linear restraints among variables of a program. In: POPL, pp. 84–97. ACM Press (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cousot, P., Cousot, R.: Abstract interpretation: a unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpoints. In: POPL, pp. 238–252. ACM Press (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cox, A., Sankaranarayanan, S., Chang, B.-Y.E.: A Bit Too Precise? Bounded Verification of Quantized Digital Filters. In: Flanagan, C., König, B. (eds.) TACAS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7214, pp. 33–47. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Delahaye, J.P., Germain-Bonne, B.: Résultats négatifs en accélération de la convergence. Numerische Mathematik 35, 443–457 (1980)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Feret, J.: Static Analysis of Digital Filters. In: Schmidt, D. (ed.) ESOP 2004. LNCS, vol. 2986, pp. 33–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Frehse, G., Le Guernic, C., Donzé, A., Cotton, S., Ray, R., Lebeltel, O., Ripado, R., Girard, A., Dang, T., Maler, O.: SpaceEx: Scalable Verification of Hybrid Systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 379–395. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Gonnord, L., Halbwachs, N.: Combining Widening and Acceleration in Linear Relation Analysis. In: Yi, K. (ed.) SAS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4134, pp. 144–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Gopan, D., Reps, T.W.: Guided Static Analysis. In: Riis Nielson, H., Filé, G. (eds.) SAS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4634, pp. 349–365. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Hiriart-Urrut, J.B., Lemaréchal, C.: Fundamentals of Convex Analysis. Springer (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jeannet, B., Miné, A.: Apron: A Library of Numerical Abstract Domains for Static Analysis. In: Bouajjani, A., Maler, O. (eds.) CAV 2009. LNCS, vol. 5643, pp. 661–667. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Lakhdar-Chaouch, L., Jeannet, B., Girault, A.: Widening with Thresholds for Programs with Complex Control Graphs. In: Bultan, T., Hsiung, P.-A. (eds.) ATVA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6996, pp. 492–502. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Le Guernic, C., Girard, A.: Reachability analysis of linear systems using support functions. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Löhne, A., Zălinescu, C.: On convergence of closed convex sets. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 319(2), 617–634 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Miné, A.: The octagon abstract domain. Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation 19(1), 31–100 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Rockafellar, R.: Convex analysis, vol. 28. Princeton Univ. Pr. (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sankaranarayanan, S., Sipma, H.B., Manna, Z.: Scalable Analysis of Linear Systems Using Mathematical Programming. In: Cousot, R. (ed.) VMCAI 2005. LNCS, vol. 3385, pp. 25–41. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Sonntag, Y., Zălinescu, C.: Scalar convergence of convex sets. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 164(1), 219–241 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Wynn, P.: The epsilon algorithm and operational formulas of numerical analysis. Mathematics of Computation 15(74), 151–158 (1961)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Seladji, Y., Bouissou, O. (2013). Fixpoint Computation in the Polyhedra Abstract Domain Using Convex and Numerical Analysis Tools. In: Giacobazzi, R., Berdine, J., Mastroeni, I. (eds) Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation. VMCAI 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7737. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35873-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35873-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35872-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35873-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics