Constitutive Equations of Metals

Abstract

The plasticity theory has highly developed through the prediction of deformation of metals up to date. The reason would be caused by the fact that, among various materials exhibiting plastic deformation, metals are used most widely as engineering materials and exhibit the simplest plastic deformation behavior without a pressure dependence, a plastic compressibility, an independence on the third invariant of deviatoric stress and a softening. Nevertheless, metals exhibit various particular aspects, e.g., the kinematic hardening and the stagnation of isotropic hardening in a cyclic loading. Explicit constitutive equations of metals will be delineated in this chapter, which are based on the general elastoplastic constitutive equations described in the preceding chapters.