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Resonance Effects of Excitons and Electrons pp 65–87Cite as

Exciton Acoustic Resonance

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 869))

Abstract

Ultrasonic and hypersonic waves interact with semiconductor lattice vibrations, as well as with various impurity centers, defects, free carriers, and excitons existing in crystals. It was shown that the acoustic effects on excitons at sufficiently low concentrations are one to three orders of magnitude higher than the lattice absorption of hypersound.

The contribution of free carriers to the acoustic absorption can be separated from the hypersonic absorption by excitons, which, in turn, is different for the processes of intra- and interband scattering of excitons by phonons. This difference is due to a noncoincidence between the resonance frequencies of acoustic absorption lines at intra- and interband transitions of excitons, as well as to the different dependencies of the absorption coefficient of hypersound versus phonon wave vectors at intra- and interband transitions.

Attenuation of polarized hypersound on excitons in anisotropic crystals is strongly anisotropic. It grows with the increasing difference of the effective masses of carriers bound into excitons, which becomes significant at high frequencies (hypersonic range). This causes high values of the absorption coefficient of polarized hypersound (∼102–103 dB/cm) at low exciton concentrations ∼1014 cm−3 in direct-gap A 2 B 6 piezo-semiconductors. The noncoincidence between intra- and interband acoustic absorption lines is used in the development of a two-band theory of the phonon maser with excitons. It is shown that the instability of the system of excitons and strictly resonant hypersonic phonons leads to the existence of exciton–elastic waves. This theory is similar to the theory of generation of coherent magnons in magnetic semiconductors with a redefinition of the physical sense of its constituent quantities. An important consequence of the theory of the phonon maser with excitons is the low threshold of self-excitation of this generator, which is attained at intermediate concentrations of excitons in the crystals.

If attractive forces are displayed between high-density excitons, and biexcitons are formed, then the absorption of hypersound by biexcitons is more efficient than that by excitons in the same range of frequencies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is possible to evidentiate the acoustic absorption on the excitons on the background of the acoustic absorption on the free charge carriers in this case only, if the concentration of the excitons is much higher than the concentration of the free carriers of the current.

  2. 2.

    The interaction of excitons with hypersonic phonons through the deformation potential will be considered in the next section.

  3. 3.

    Here the integration domain of K x and K y is expanded, as usual, outside the reduced Brillouin zone to ±∞.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova

    Ion Geru

  2. Fakultät Physik, Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Dieter Suter

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  1. Ion Geru
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  2. Dieter Suter
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Geru, I., Suter, D. (2013). Exciton Acoustic Resonance. In: Resonance Effects of Excitons and Electrons. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 869. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35807-4_3

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