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Excitons and Biexcitons in Semiconductors

  • Chapter
Resonance Effects of Excitons and Electrons

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 869))

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Abstract

This chapter introduces the essential physics of excitons. In Sects. 1.1 and 1.2, and partially in Sect. 1.5, the individual properties of excitons are considered. The basis of the microscopic theory and the theoretical group classification of exciton states is given. The characteristic properties of excitons are discussed in terms of the relative electron–hole and translational motion. The spin structure and the longitudinal–transverse splitting of excitons due to long-range Coulomb interactions are considered in the framework of a simple two-band model for a semiconductor. The most impressive results are achieved in the physics of high-density excitons, a field that continues to develop rapidly (see Chap. 4). The main results in this domain are summarized in Sect. 1.3. The Lenard–Dyson theorem is an important basis for understanding the stability of the ground state of a system of particles interacting through Coulomb forces. In Sect. 1.5, we discuss the effect of impurities capturing one or two excitons. Examples include the capture of excitons by isoelectron traps, resulting in the formation of bound excitons or localized exciton molecules.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Excitons are also revealed in biological media, where they play a big role, for example, in the processes of photosynthesis [86, 94–96]. Excitons may be present in superconductors, formed from quasi-particles with an energetic level that lies in the interior of the energy gap [86]. In normal metals excitons usually have a very short lifetime and cannot be detected experimentally [86].

  2. 2.

    Another method of deducing the correlations (1.10) on the basis of equations from electrostatics is given in [104].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova

    Ion Geru

  2. Fakultät Physik, Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Dieter Suter

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Geru, I., Suter, D. (2013). Excitons and Biexcitons in Semiconductors. In: Resonance Effects of Excitons and Electrons. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 869. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35807-4_1

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