Abstract
Depending on the stage, prostate cancer generally metastasizes in the locoregional lymph nodes of the pelvis. Subsequently, tumor extension follows the lymphatic vessels to the retroperitoneal and paraaortal region or will disseminate into the bones, the lung, and the liver [1, 2]. Typically, prostate cancer generates osteoblastic bone metastases that are mainly located in the vertebral column (lumbar region), in the pelvis, and in the ribs [1].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Saitoh H, Hida M, Shimbo T, et al. Metastatic patterns of prostatic cancer. Cancer. 1984;54:3078–84.
De la Monte SM, Moore GW, Hutchins GM. Metastatic behaviour of prostate cancer. Cancer. 1986;58:985–93.
Catalona WJ, Smith DJ. 5-year tumor recurrence rates after anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol. 1994;152:1837–42.
Ohori M, Goag JR, Wheeler TM, et al. Can radical prostatectomy alter the progression of poorly differentiated prostate cancer? J Urol. 1994;152:1843–9.
Epstein J, et al. Correlation of pathologic findings with progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Cancer. 1993;71:3586.
Perez CA, Hanks GE, Leibel SA, et al. Localized carcinoma of the prostate (stages T1, T2 and T3). Cancer. 1993;72:3156–73.
Abuzallouf S, Dayes I, Lukka H. Baseline staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a summary of the literature. J Urol. 2004;171:2122–7.
Noldus J, Stamey TA. Limitations of serum PSA in predicting peripheral and transition zone cancer volumes as measured by correlation coefficients. J Urol. 1996;155:232–7.
Kelsey JL, Gammon MD. The epidemiology of breast cancer. Cancer. 1991;41:146–65. Berg JW, Hutter RV. Breast cancer. Cancer. 1995;75:257–69.
Possinger K, Große Y. Mammakarzinome und gynäkologische Tumoren. In: Wilmanns W, Huhn D, Wilms K, editors. Internistische Onkologie. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2000.
Spratt JS, Donegan WL. Cancer of the breast. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1979.
Tabar L, Grad A, Holmberg LH, et al. Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Lancet. 1985;1:829.
Koscielny SM, Tubiana M, Le MG, et al. Breast cancer. Relationship between the size of the primary tumor and the probability of metastatic dissemination. Br J Cancer. 1984;49:709.
Foster Jr RS, Lang SP, Constanza MC, et al. Breast self-examination practices and breast cancer stage. N Engl J Med. 1978;299:265.
Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, et al. Canada national breast screening study. Can Med Assoc J. 1992;147:1459–88.
Clark GM, Sledge GW, Osborne CK, McGuire WL. Survival from first recurrence: relative importance of prognostic factors in 1015 breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:55–61.
Come SE, Schnipper LE. Myelophtisisanemia and other aspects of bone marrow involvement. In: Harris JR, Hellman S, Henderson IC, Kinne DW, editors. Breast diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1991. p. 761–6.
Kamby C, Bruun Rasmussen B, Kristensen B. Prognostic indicators of metastatic bone disease in human breast cancer. Cancer. 1991;68:2045–50.
Muss HB. Endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992;21:15–26.
Diel IJ, Solomayer EF, Costa SD, et al. Reduction in new metastases in breast cancer with adjuvant clodronate treatment. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:357–63.
Noguchi S, Miyauchi K, Nishizawa Y, et al. Results of surgical treatment for sternal metastases in breast cancer. Cancer. 1987;60:2524–31.
Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, S-3 Leitlinie Brustkrebs Juli 2012. Editors: AWMF, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe. www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de.
Schalhorn A. Bronchialkarzinom: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Chemotherapie. Fortschr Med. 1985;103:309–11.
Stahel RA, Ginsberg R, Havemann K, et al. Staging and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: a consensus report. Lung Cancer. 1989;5:119–26.
Stuschke M, Heilmann HP. Lunge und Mediastinum. In: Scherer E, Sack H, editors. Strahlentherapie. Berlin: Springer; 1996.
Bülzebruck H, Danzer B, Hilkemeier G, et al. Metastasierung und Prognose des kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms. Onkologe. 1998;4:1039–47.
Wolf M. Kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom: Klinische Präsentation, Diagnostik und prognostische Faktoren. Onkologe. 1998;4:1005–18.
Schalhorn A, Sunder-Plassmann L. Maligne Tumoren der Thorakal- und Mediastinalorgane. In: Wilmanns W, Huhn D, Wilms K, editors. Internistische Onkologie. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2000.
Rosell R, Lopez-Cabrerizo MP, Astudillo J. Preoperative chemotherapy for stage IIIA NSCLC. Curr Opin Oncol. 1997;9:149–55.
Albain KS, Crowley JJ, Leblanc M, Livingston RB. Determinants of improved outcome in SCLC: an analysis of the 2580-patients southwest oncology group data base. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:1563–74.
LeitlinieGoeckenjan G, et al. Prävention, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms. Pneumologie. 2010;64 Suppl 2:e1–164.
Schirrmeister H, et al. Early detection and accurate description of extent of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer with fluoride ion and positron emission tomography. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(8):2381.
Silvestri GA, Gould MK, Margolis ML, et al. Noninvasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer: ACCP evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest. 2007;132(3 Suppl):178S–201.
Abuzallouf S, Dayes I, Lukka H. Baseline staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a summary of the literature. J Urol. 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2122–7.
Hellwig DR, Baum P, Kirsch CM. FDG-PET, PET/CT and conventional nuclear medicine procedures in the evaluation of lung cancer: a systematic review. Nuklearmedizin. 2009;48:59–69.
Schirrmeister H, Guhlmann A, Kotzerke J, et al. Early detection and accurate description of extent of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer with fluoride ion and positron emission tomography. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(8):2381–9.
Reinartz P, Schaffeldt J, Sabri O, et al. Benign versus malignant osseous lesions in the lumbar vertebrae: differentiation by means of bone SPET. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(6):721–6.
Schirrmeister H, Glatting G, Hetzel J, et al. Prospective evaluation of the clinical value of planar bone scans, SPECT, and (18)F-labeled NaF PET in newly diagnosed lung cancer. J Nucl Med. 2001;42(12):1800–4.
Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, Lievshitz G, Lerman H, Leibovitch I. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(2):287–97.
Houssami N, Costelloe CM. Imaging bone metastases in breast cancer: evidence on comparative test accuracy. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(4):834–43.
Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, et al. Evaluation of combined transmission and emission tomography for classification of skeletal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(3):655–61.
Romer W, Nomayr A, Uder M, Bautz W, Kuwert T. SPECT-guided CT for evaluating foci of increased bone metabolism classified as indeterminate on SPECT in cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(7):1102–6.
Helyar V, Mohan HK, Barwick T, et al. The added value of multislice SPECT/CT in patients with equivocal bony metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(4):706–13.
Ndlovu X, George R, Ellmann A, Warwick J. SPECT for the evaluation of equivocal bone scan lesions in patients with underlying malignancies? J Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31(7):659–65.
Palmedo H, Bucerius J, Joe A, et al. Integrated PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer: diagnostic accuracy and impact on patient management. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(4):616–24.
Palmedo H, Marx C, Ebert A, Kreft B, Ko Y, Türler A, Vorreuther R, Göhring U, Schild HH, Gerhardt T, Pöge U, Ezziddin S, Biersack HJ, Ahmadzadehfar H. Whole-body SPECT/CT for bone scintigraphy: diagnostic value and effect on patient management in oncological patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 [Epub ahead of print].
Bubendorf L, Schopfer A, Wagner U, et al. Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol. 2000;31(5):578–83.
Utsunomiya D, Shiraishi S, Imuta M, et al. Added value of SPECT/CT fusion in assessing suspected bone metastasis: comparison with scintigraphy alone and nonfused scintigraphy and CT. Radiology. 2006;238(1):264–271.
Strobel K, Burger C, Seifert B, Husarik DB, Soyka JD, Hany TF. Characterization of focal bone lesions in the axial skeleton: performance of planar bone scintigraphy compared with SPECT and SPECT fused with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(5):W467–474.
Zhao Z, Li L, Li F, Zhao L. Single photon emission computed tomography/spiral computed tomography fusion imaging for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in patients with known cancer. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(2):147–153.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Palmedo, H., Marx, C. (2014). Bone SPECT/CT in Oncology. In: Ahmadzadehfar, H., Biersack, HJ. (eds) Clinical Applications of SPECT-CT. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35283-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35283-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35282-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35283-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)