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Psychologische Frühinterventionen

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Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Das Erleben eines Notfalls, eines schweren Unfalls, einer Naturkatastrophe, einer Gewalttat oder eines Anschlags ist immer mit einer psychischen Belastung und einer Anpassungsreaktion verbunden. Diese Reaktion kann sich in einer akuten Belastungsreaktion, einer akuten Belastungsstörung und/oder mittel- und langfristig in einer chronischen Belastungsstörung oder einer anderen psychischen Störung äußern. Die Prävalenz posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) und anderer Traumafolgestörungen ist signifikant, auch wenn akute Belastungsreaktionen häufig nicht in störungswertige Belastungsfolgen münden. Die Erfahrungen bei Großschadenslagen und das zunehmende Wissen über Schutz- und Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung und ihren Verlauf haben die Aufmerksamkeit auf früh einsetzende psychologische Versorgungsangebote bei potenziell traumatischen Ereignissen gerichtet (Bengel 2004; Hobfoll u. de Vries 1995). Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass frühe psychologische Hilfeleistung und soziale Unterstützung die langfristigen psychischen Folgen traumatischer Ereignisse mildern oder verhindern können (Hobfoll et al. 2007; Peterson et al. 1991).

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Bengel, J., Becker-Nehring, K. (2013). Psychologische Frühinterventionen. In: Maercker, A. (eds) Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35068-9_10

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