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Ethische Probleme der Forschung zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen

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Ethik psychiatrischer Forschung

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Zusammenfassung

Die Forschung zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen ist mit besonderen ethischen Problemen konfrontiert, da die Patienten häufig stigmatisiert und diskriminiert werden. Der Paradigmenwechsel von einer eher psychoanalytischen und sozialwissenschaftlichen zu einer biologischen Orientierung der Forschung zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen lässt einerseits neuartige Ansätze für effektivere Therapieoptionen erwarten, beispielsweise spezielle Verhaltenstherapien, neurocomputational inspirierte Trainings gegen einen Bias der Aufmerksamkeit für Suchtreize, aber auch Substitutionstherapien sowie Tiefe Hirnstimulation. Andererseits lässt sich aus der Stigmatisierungsforschung ableiten, dass eine biologische, insbesondere genetische Ausrichtung der Forschung die Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung der Betroffenen und ihrer biologisch Verwandten verstärken kann. Von einer einseitig biologischen Ausrichtung der Forschung ist daher abzuraten, gerade auch deshalb, weil das Ausblenden sozialer Faktoren zu einem Verlust an ökologischer Validität und zur Entwicklung von in der Praxis unwirksamen Therapien führen kann. Neben den sozialen Risiken der Forschung zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen spielt aus ethischer Perspektive vor allem die Problematik der Einwilligungsfähigkeit abhängigkeitskranker Patienten eine Rolle. Gerade aus ethischen Gründen sollte diese nicht grundsätzlich in Frage gestellt, sondern individuell und in Bezug auf bestimmte Therapien und Untersuchungen überprüft werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Heinz & Dr. phil. Dipl.-Phys. Sabine Müller

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  1. Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Heinz
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  2. Dr. phil. Dipl.-Phys. Sabine Müller
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Correspondence to Andreas Heinz .

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  1. Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Klinik für Psychiatrie/ Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Eschenallee 3, Berlin, 14050, Berlin, Germany

    Hanfried Helmchen

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Heinz, A., Müller, S. (2013). Ethische Probleme der Forschung zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. In: Helmchen, H. (eds) Ethik psychiatrischer Forschung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35055-9_15

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