Abstract
Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography are special variants of these techniques. Here, organic solvents or their mixtures with or without dissolved electrolytes are used as separation buffer or mobile phase, respectively. The most important features of non-aqueous systems are: better solubility of more hydrophobic ionic substances (many natural products) than in water, much less current and Joule heating allows for using highly concentrated buffers and/or larger capillary internal diameters, polar interactions are enhanced in organic solvents which is often highly advantageous in chiral separation systems. This chapter presents most frequently used solvents, their properties, as well as shows pH* scale which is often used in non-aqueous systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Y. Walbroehl, J.W. Jorgenson, On-column UV absorption detector for open tubular capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 315, 135–143 (1984)
Y. Walbroehl, J.W. Jorgenson, Capillary zone electrophoresis of neutral organic molecules by solvophobic association with tetraalkylammonium ion. Anal. Chem. 58(2), 479–481 (1986)
M.L. Riekkola, Recent advances in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 23(22–23), 3865–3883 (2002)
M.L. Riekkola, M. Jussila, S.P. Porras, I.E. Valko, Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 892(1–2), 155–170 (2000)
B. Buszewski, Solvents, In: P.J. Worsfold, A. Townshend, C.F. Poole (eds.), Encyclopedia of analytical Science, 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005)
S.P. Porras, M.L. Riekkola, E. Kenndler, Capillary zone electrophoresis of basic analytes in methanol as non-aqueous solvent: Mobility and ionisation constant. J. Chromatogr. A 905(1–2), 259–268 (2001)
I.M. Kolthoff, Acid-base equilibriums in dipolar aprotic solvents. Anal. Chem. 46(13), 1992–2003 (1974)
J. Tjørnelund, S.H. Hansen, Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis of drugs: Properties and application of selected solvents. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 38(2), 139–153 (1999)
H. Teng, B.Q. Yuan, T.Y. You, Recent advances in application of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Chin. J. Anal. Chem. 38(11), 1670–1677 (2010)
D. Belder, K. Elke, H. Husmann, Influence of pH*-value of methanolic electrolytes on electroosmotic flow in hydrophilic coated capillaries. J. Chromatogr. A 868(1), 63–71 (2000)
I.E. Valkó, S.P. Porras, M.L. Riekkola, Capillary electrophoresis with wide-bore capillaries and non-aqueous media. J. Chromatogr. A 813(1), 179–186 (1998)
H. Yin, C. Keely-Templin, D. McManigill, Preparative capillary electrophoresis with wide-bore capillaries. J. Chromatogr. A 744(1–2), 45–54 (1996)
M. Jussila, S. Palonen, S.P. Porras, M.L. Riekkola, Compensation of the siphoning effect in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis by vial lifting. Electrophoresis 21(3), 586–592 (2000)
H. Cottet, M.P. Struijk, J.L.J. Van Dongen, H.A. Claessens, C.A. Cramers, Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis using non-dissociating solvents: Application to the separation of highly hydrophobic oligomers. J. Chromatogr. A 915(1–2), 241–251 (2001)
E. Drange, E. Lundanes, Determination of long-chained fatty acids using non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis and indirect UV detection. J. Chromatogr. A 771(1–2), 301–309 (1997)
X.H. Xu, R.K. Li, J. Chen, P. Chen, X.Y. Ling, P.F. Rao, Quantification of cholesterol in foods using non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 768(2), 369–373 (2002)
M.T. Bowser, A.R. Kranack, D.D.Y. Chen, Analyte-additive interactions in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: A critical review. Trends Anal. Chem. 17(7), 424–434 (1998)
J.T. Koch, B. Beam, K.S. Phillips, J.F. Wheeler, Hydrophobic interaction electrokinetic chromatography for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using non-aqueous matrices. J. Chromatogr. A 914(1–2), 223–231 (2001)
I. Bjornsdottir, S. Honoré Hansen, S. Terabe, Chiral separation in non-aqueous media by capillary electrophoresis using the ion-pair principle. J. Chromatogr. A 745(1–2), 37–44 (1996)
I.E. Valkó, H. Sirén, M.L. Riekkola, Chiral separation of dansyl-amino acids in a nonaqueous medium by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 737(2), 263–272 (1996)
J.B. Vincent, G. Vigh, Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation of enantiomers using the single-isomer heptakis (2, 3-diacetyl-6-sulfato)-[beta]-cyclodextrin as chiral resolving agent. J. Chromatogr. A 816(2), 233–241 (1998)
F. Wang, M.G. Khaledi, Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis chiral separations with quaternary ammonium [beta]-cyclodextrin. J. Chromatogr. A 817(1–2), 121–128 (1998)
F. Wang, M.G. Khaledi, Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis chiral separations with sulfated [beta]-cyclodextrin. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 731(2), 187–197 (1999)
Y. Mori, K. Ueno, T. Umeda, Enantiomeric separations of primary amino compounds by nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis with a chiral crown ether. J. Chromatogr. A 757(1–2), 328–332 (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Szumski, M., Buszewski, B. (2013). Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis. In: Buszewski, B., Dziubakiewicz, E., Szumski, M. (eds) Electromigration Techniques. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 105. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35043-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35043-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35042-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35043-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)