Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel text input approach for car drivers: The Car Braille Keyer combines a keyer concept (defined as keyboard without an actual board) and the braille code (i.e. blind writing method) at the back of the steering wheel. This concept allows eyeless text input while driving and simultaneously leaving the hands on the steering wheel. We present a prototype of the Car Braille Keyer along with an expert evaluation and a user study. The prototype consists of two sets of three buttons each, both of which are fixed on the back side of the steering wheel (one on the left, the other on the right side). The six buttons are designed to match a braille character like they can be found in the braille language. This approach allows for entering a character or command with only a single input combination without the need to look at the keys. In our prototype we added visual output in the head up display (HUD) as well as auditive feedback to enhance the interaction. To evaluate the system, we performed a heuristic evaluation with five HCI experts. Based on their feedback, we iterated the design of the prototype and added a learning tool for interaction using the Car Braille Keyer. An initial user study with the iterated prototype and twelve participants showed a good overall usability (SUS score=73.75) as well as a good acceptance rate based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bangor, A., Kortum, P., Miller, J.: Determining what individual sus scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale. Journal of Usability Studies 4(3), 114–123 (2009)
Barón, A., Green, P., Michigan, U.: Transportation Research Institute of Safety and usability of speech interfaces for in-vehicle tasks while driving: A brief literature review. Tech. rep., University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute (2006)
Baudisch, P., Chu, G.: Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices. In: CHI 2009, pp. 1923–1932. ACM, New York (2009)
Braille, L.: Procedure for writing words, music and plain song using dots for the use of the blind and made available to them. Royal Institution of Blind Youth, Paris (1829)
Brooke, J.: Sus-a quick and dirty usability scale. Usability Evaluation in Industry 189, 194 (1996)
Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13(3), 318 (1989)
Döring, T., Kern, D., Marshall, P., Pfeiffer, M., Schöning, J., Gruhn, V., Schmidt, A.: Gestural interaction on the steering wheel: reducing the visual demand. In: CHI 2011, pp. 483–492. ACM, New York (2011)
Engelbart, D., English, B.: A research center for augmenting human intellect. In: Proceedings of the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, CA, vol. 33, pp. 395–410 (December 1968)
Enriquez, M., Afonin, O., Yager, B., Maclean, K.: A pneumatic tactile alerting system for the driving environment. In: PUI 2001, pp. 1–7. ACM Press, New York (2001)
Gärtner, U., König, W., Wittig, T.: Evaluation of manual vs. speech input when using a driver information system in real traffic. In: Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. University of Iowa Public Policy Center, Iowa (2001)
González, I.E., Wobbrock, J.O., Chau, D.H., Faulring, A., Myers, B.A.: Eyes on the road, hands on the wheel: thumb-based interaction techniques for input on steering wheels. In: GI 2007: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007, pp. 95–102. ACM, New York (2007)
Kern, D., Schmidt, A., Arnsmann, J., Appelmann, T., Pararasasegaran, N., Piepiera, B.: Writing to your car: handwritten text input while driving. In: CHI EA 2009, pp. 4705–4710. ACM, New York (2009)
Kun, A.L., Shyrokov, A., Heeman, P.A.: Spoken tasks for human-human experiments: towards in-car speech user interfaces for multi-threaded dialogue. In: AUI 2010, pp. 57–63. ACM, New York (2010)
Lyons, K., Starner, T., Plaisted, D., Fusia, J., Lyons, A., Drew, A., Looney, E.W.: Twiddler typing: one-handed chording text entry for mobile phones. In: CHI 2004, pp. 671–678. ACM, New York (2004)
Murer, M., Wilfinger, D., Meschtscherjakov, A., Osswald, S., Tscheligi, M.: Exploring the back of the steering wheel: Text input with hands on the wheel and eyes on the road. In: AUI 2012. ACM (2012)
Nielsen, J., Molich, R.: Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Empowering People, pp. 249–256. ACM (1990)
Noder, S.: Talking and texting while driving: A look at regulating cell phone use behind the wheel. Val. UL Rev. 44, 237–1243 (2009)
Osswald, S., Meschtscherjakov, A., Wilfinger, D., Tscheligi, M.: Steering wheel-based interaction: Potential reductions in driver distraction. In: International Joint Conference on Ambient Intelligence, AmI 2011 (2011)
Pfeiffer, M., Kern, D., Schöning, J., Döring, T., Krüger, A., Schmidt, A.: A multi-touch enabled steering wheel: exploring the design space. In: CHI EA 2010, pp. 3355–3360. ACM, New York (2010)
Romero, M., Frey, B., Southern, C., Abowd, G.D.: Brailletouch: designing a mobile eyes-free soft keyboard. In: MobileHCI 2011, pp. 707–709. ACM, New York (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Osswald, S. et al. (2012). Back of the Steering Wheel Interaction: The Car Braille Keyer. In: Paternò, F., de Ruyter, B., Markopoulos, P., Santoro, C., van Loenen, E., Luyten, K. (eds) Ambient Intelligence. AmI 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7683. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34898-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34898-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34897-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34898-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
