Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover GPS Stochastic Modelling

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

  • 1745 Accesses

Abstract

Using the least-squares (LS) method to analyse GPS data, both the functional and stochastic models must be appropriately specified for accurate parameter estimates and realistic quality measures. In comparison to the highly developed functional model, the stochastic model applied in many GPS software products is considered unrealistic due to the elevation-dependent (or even identical) weighting model and the neglect of physical correlations between GPS observations. Following the specific objectives described in Sect. 1.3, this thesis has proposed an advanced observation weighting scheme based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements and a rigorous temporal correlation analysis using residual time series from LS evaluation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alshawaf, F., Fuhrmann, T., Heck, B., Hinz, S., Knöpfler, A., Luo, X., et al. (2013). Integration of InSAR and GNSS observations for the determination of atmospheric water vapor. In: J. M. Krisp et al. (Eds.), Earth Observation of Global Changes (EOGC), Proceedings of EOGC2011, Munich, Germany, 13–15 Apr, 2011, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Berlin: Springer, pp. 147–162. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32714-8_10.

  • Boehm, J., Niell, A., Tregoning, P., & Schuh, H. (2006a). Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L07304. doi:10.1029/2005GL025546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, J., Werl, B., & Schuh, H. (2006b). Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational analysis data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B02406. doi:10.1029/2005JB003629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, J., Heinkelmann, R., & Schuh, H. (2007). Short note: A global model of pressure and temperature for geodetic applications. Journal of Geodesy, 81(10), 679–683. doi:10.1007/s00190-007-0135-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockwell, P. J., & Davis, R. A. (2002). Introduction to time series and forecasting (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broersen, P. M. T. (2006). Automatic autocorrelation and spectral analysis. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. P., & Langley, R. B. (1999). Possible weighting schemes for GPS carrier phase observations in the presence of multipath. Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Final contract report for the United States Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Engineering Center, No. DAAH04-96-C-0086/TCN 98151, University of New Brunswick (UNB), New Brunswick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dach, R., Hugentobler, U., Fridez, P., & Meindl, M. (2007). Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0. Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Stämpfli Publications AG, Bern.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Rabbany, A., & Kleusberg, A. (2003). Effect of temporal physical correlation on accuracy estimation in GPS relative positioning. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 129(1), 28–32. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2003)129:1(28).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhrmann, T., Knöpfler, A., Mayer, M., Luo, X., & Heck, B. (2010). Zur GNSS-basierten Bestimmung des atmosphärischen Wasserdampfgehalts mittels Precise Point Positioning. Schriftenreihe des Studiengangs Geodäsie und Geoinformatik, Band 2/2010, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), KIT Scientific Publishing, Karlsruhe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurtner, W., & Estey, L. (2007). RINEX: The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 3.00. Available online at ftp://ftp.unibe.ch/aiub/rinex/rinex300.pdf, accessed on 23 Feb, 2011.

  • Howind, J., Kutterer, H., & Heck, B. (1999). Impact of temporal correlations on GPS-derived relative point positions. Journal of Geodesy, 73(5), 246–258. doi:10.1007/s001900050241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, R. B. (1997). GPS receiver system noise. GPS World, 8(6), 40–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leandro, R. F., & Santos, M. C. (2007). Stochastic models for GPS positioning: An empirical approach. GPS World, 18(2), 50–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X., Mayer, M., & Heck, B. (2011). Verification of ARMA identification for modelling temporal correlations of GNSS observations using the ARMASA toolbox. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 55(3), 537–556. doi:10.1007/s11200-011-0033-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X., Mayer, M., & Heck, B. (2012). Analysing time series of GNSS residuals by means of AR(I)MA processes. In: N. Sneeuw et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy, Rome, Italy, July 6–10, 2009, IAG Symposia, vol. 137, Berlin: Springer, pp. 129–134. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22078-4_19.

  • Wang, J., Satirapod, C., & Rizos, C. (2002). Stochastic assessment of GPS carrier phase measurements for precise static relative positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 76(2), 95–104. doi:10.1007/s00190-001-0225-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wübbena, G., Schmitz, M., & Matzke, N. (2011). On GNSS in-situ station calibration of near-field multipath. Paper submitted to the International Symposium on GNSS, Space-based and Ground-based Augmentation Systems and Applications, Brussels, Belgium, 29–30 Nov, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Xiaoguang Luo

Authors
  1. Xiaoguang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoguang Luo .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luo, X. (2013). Conclusions and Recommendations. In: GPS Stochastic Modelling. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34836-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation