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Die Bindungstheorie

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Theorien in der Entwicklungspsychologie

Zusammenfassung

Die Erforschung zwischenmenschlicher Interaktionen und Beziehungen wird seit nunmehr sechs Jahrzehnten von der Bindungstheorie dominiert. In ihrem Zentrum stehen besondere Formen der Sozialbeziehungen, die sich durch emotionale Sicherheit und Vertrautheit auszeichnen und mit nur wenigen Personen entstehen. Diese Bindungsbeziehungen werden zunächst mit den primären Bezugspersonen erworben, weiten sich jedoch auch auf signifikante andere Personen im weiteren Lebenslauf eines Menschen aus. Die bisherige Forschung konzentrierte sich vornehmlich auf Mutter-Kind- Bindungen, weshalb diese sog. primäre Bindung den Ausgangspunkt der Darstellung bildet. Wir wollen zunächst ihre begriffliche Bestimmung vornehmen und ihre Funktionsweise so darstellen, wie sie sich in der frühen Kindheit zeigt, und werden dafür die Zugangsebenen der klassischen Bindungstheorie benutzen. Diese Beschreibungsebenen werden danach durch weiterentwickelte behaviorale und biopsychologische Erklärungsmodelle ergänzt, die bis in die Bindungsstörungen hineinreichen und die gesamte Lebensspanne umfassen. Schließlich werden wir über aktuelle Brennpunkte der Bindungsforschung diskutieren, die sich mit den verschiedensten Formen von Bindungsrepräsentationen, ihrer transgenerationalen Weitergabe und ihren biopsychologischen Grundlagen beschäftigen. Die Auswahl der vielschichtigen theoretischen Perspektiven und empirischen Befunde werden wir auch hier deutlich begrenzen müssen und verweisen den Leser schon jetzt auf einen umfassenden Überblick in Cassidy und Shaver (2008).

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Psychologie: Gesundheit – Entwicklung – Förderung Arbeitsbereich Entwicklungspsychologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Prof. DDr. Lieselotte Ahnert

  2. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Gottfried Spangler

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  1. Inst. Entwicklungspsychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria

    Lieselotte Ahnert

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Ahnert, L., Spangler, G. (2014). Die Bindungstheorie. In: Ahnert, L. (eds) Theorien in der Entwicklungspsychologie. Springer VS, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34805-1_16

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