With the socio-economic changes, the transport system in developed countries has been formed adequately. Users can freely choose their expected transport means according to relevant needs. Railway transport as one of the most available means with environmental-friendliness has been required to play more important roles in developing eco & low-carbon society. In this study, the situations of surface freight and potential demands to be suitable for railway container are analyzed, and the possible predominance ranges of railway in transport cost are estimated by the comparative analysis between railway and truck freight rates in transport distance. Moreover, by a case study, the effects of railway freight transport in the reductions of logistics costs and CO2 emissions, and the savings of energy are derived. Finally, the relevant issues concerning the actual conditions are discussed.