Abstract
Jivanta Schoettli brings in the dimension of European-Indian entanglement. British sociologist, T. H. Marshall and India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru were contemporaries. Sharing the intellectual lineage of British liberalism both were preoccupied with the same issues of national integration and socioeconomic divisions but within very different contexts. The essay seeks to identify some of the shared conceptual tools and institutional remedies that Marshall and Nehru reflected upon and applied. The chapter goes on to examine specific debates in the Indian Constituent Assembly that showcase the transcultural nature of decisions and institutions which later framed the discourse on citizenship within India’s postcolonial political development.
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Notes
- 1.
See the work of the Indian sociologist, Andre Beteille for example.
- 2.
Max Weber, and the distinction he drew between ‘instrumental’ and ‘value’ rationality, is constructive. Rationality in its more traditional sense implied a consequential logic where social action is “determined by expectations as to the behaviour of objects in the environment and of other human beings; these expectations are used as conditions or means for the attainment of the actor’s own rationally pursued and calculated ends.” Weber’s “value” rationality drew attention to outcomes that cannot simply be explained in utilitarian terms, when action is “determined by a conscious belief in the value for its own sake of some ethical, aesthetic, religious, or other form of behaviour, independently of its prospects or success”.
- 3.
The Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj movements were both important Hindu reform movements founded in the mid-nineteenth century.
- 4.
A movement launched in the mid-nineteenth century to educate Muslims of the Indian subcontinent.
- 5.
This refers to the Hindu Marriages and Divorce Act, 1955, the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
- 6.
See Mahajan (2002) and works by Ashish Nandy (1985) and T. N. Madan (1987).
- 7.
This is the essential theme in the most influential of all textbooks on Indian history, Vincent Smith’s ‘Oxford History of India’, first published in 1919, but republished and reedited many times.
- 8.
Quoted in Mushirul Hasan, ‘Nationalism and Communal Politics in India’ (New Delhi: Manohar, 1991), p. 285.
- 9.
Quoted in Granville Austin, ‘Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience’ (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 55–78.
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Schoettli, J. (2013). From T.H. Marshall to Jawaharlal Nehru: Citizenship as Vision and Strategy. In: Mitra, S. (eds) Citizenship as Cultural Flow. Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34568-5_2
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