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Surface Characterization Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Liquid Environments

  • Chapter
Surface Science Techniques

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 51))

Abstract

Liquid imaging provides intrinsic advantages for AFM experiments, particularly for conducting in situ studies of chemical or biochemical reactions. Using liquid media has benefits for improving resolution, since the amount of force applied between the tip and sample can be reduced. Surface changes caused by immersion in different liquids can be investigated, such as for studying electrochemical reactions with different parameters of solvent polarity, pH or ion concentration. Aqueous buffers enable studies of biochemical reactions that simulate physiological conditions, with time-lapse capture of image frames at different intervals. Studies of surface changes throughout the course of self-assembly reactions have been monitored with AFM in liquid media. By injecting new molecules into the sample cell, AFM-based nanofabrication can be accomplished by nanografting protocols. Liquid environments expand the capabilities for scanning probe studies to provide insight for dynamic processes at the molecular-level.

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Acknowledgements

The authors received financial support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-0906873) and also from the Dreyfus Foundation (Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award). Venetia D. Lyles is supported by a Fellowship from the Louisiana Board of Regents. Wilson K. Serem is an LSU doctoral candidate supported by study-leave from Masinde Muliro University, Kenya. The authors thank Dr. K. Lusker for helpful discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Venetia D. Lyles, Wilson K. Serem & Jayne C. Garno

  2. Nanomeasurements Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA

    Jing-Jiang Yu

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  1. Venetia D. Lyles
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  2. Wilson K. Serem
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  3. Jing-Jiang Yu
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  4. Jayne C. Garno
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Correspondence to Jayne C. Garno .

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  1. , Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genoa, 16146, Italy

    Gianangelo Bracco

  2. , Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, Bergen, 5007, Svalbard

    Bodil Holst

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Lyles, V.D., Serem, W.K., Yu, JJ., Garno, J.C. (2013). Surface Characterization Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Liquid Environments. In: Bracco, G., Holst, B. (eds) Surface Science Techniques. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34243-1_20

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