Skip to main content

A 3D Indoor Routing Service with 2D Visualization Based on the Multi-Layered Space-Event Model

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Progress in Location-Based Services

Abstract

In this chapter the draft for a novel conceptual model for indoor navigation, the multi layered space-event model (MLSM), is combined with existing standards for Geo Web Services in order to define a framework for a 3D indoor routing service with rule-based 2D visualization. We prove that the MLSM in the test scenarios we defined can be used as a conceptual model for an indoor routing service. With the help of a prototype we also show that the MLSM needs some extensions if a 3D MLSM graph shall be visualized in 2D. Our case scenarios and visualization examples are based on an existing Building Information Model (BIM) of a specific building.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agrawala M, Stolte C (2001) Rendering effective route maps: improving usability through generalization. In: Proceedings of ACM SIG- GRAPH 2001, pp 241–249

    Google Scholar 

  • AIGA (2011) Symbol signs. http://www.aiga.org/symbol-signs/. Retrieved on 27 May 2011

  • Buxton W (2002) Less is more (more or less): uncommon sense and the design of computers. In: Denning PJ (ed) The invisible future: the seamless integration of technology in everyday life. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 145–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn B, Trapp M, Glander T, Dollner J (2009) Towards an indoor level-of-detail model for route visualization. In: Mobile data management: systems, services and middleware, Taipei, pp 692–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Hölscher C (2006) Up the down staircase: wayfinding strategies in multi-level buildings. J Environ Psychol 26(4):284–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue Y, Ikeda T, Yamamoto K, Yamashita T, Sashima A, Kurumatani A (2008) Usability study of indoor mobile navigation system in commercial facilities. In: UbiComp’08 Workshop W2—Ubiquitous systems evaluation (USE’08), Toky

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones CE, Haklay M, Griffiths S, Vaughan L (2009) A less-is-more approach to geovisualization—enhancing knowledge construction across multidisciplinary teams. Int J Geog Inf Sci 23(8):1077–1093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi HA, Ghafourian M (2010) Indoor routing for individuals with special needs and preferences. Trans GIS 14(3):299–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim H, Jun C, Yi H (2009) A SDBMS-based 2D-3D hybrid model for indoor routing. In: Mobile data management: systems, services and middleware, Taipei, pp 726–730

    Google Scholar 

  • Munkres JR (1984) Elements of algebraic topology. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park

    Google Scholar 

  • Neis P, Zipf A (2008) Extending the OGC OpenLS route service to 3D for an interoperable realisation of 3D focus maps with landmarks. J Location Based Serv 2(2):153–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2006a) Symbology encoding, implementation specification. Version 1.1.0 (revision 4). http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/symbol. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2006b) OpenGIS® web map service, implementation specification. Version 1.3.0. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2007) Styled layer descriptor profile of the web map service, implementation specification. Version 1.1.0 (revision 4). http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sld. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2008) OpenGIS location services (OpenLS): core services. OGC 07-074, Version 1.2, OpenGIS interface standard. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/ols. Retrieved on 12 May 2011)

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2009) OGC OWS-6 outdoor and indoor 3D routing services, engineering report. Version 0.3.0. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/per. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2010a) OpenGIS filter encoding 2.0, encoding standard. Version 2.0.0. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/filter. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (2010b) Requirements and space-event modeling for indoor navigation, OpenGIS discussion paper. Version 0.1.0. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/dp. Retrieved on 12 May 2011

  • Panchaud N (2011) Web-based visualization of indoor routing graphs. Zürich: ETH Zürich, D-BAUG, IGP, Masterprojektarbeit

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilling A, Goetz M (2010) Decision support systems using 3D OGC services and indoor routing—examples scenario from the OWS-6 Testbed. In: 5th 3D GeoInfo conference, Berlin, pp 159–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidler A (2010) Innenraummodellierung mit CityGML. Zürich: ETH Zürich, D-BAUG, IGP, Masterprojektarbeit

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Mackaness W, Kealy A, Williamson I (2004) Spatial data infrastructure requirements for mobile location based journey planning. Trans GIS 8(1):22–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoffel EP, Schoder K, Ohlbach HJ (2008) Applying hierarchical graphs to pedestrian indoor navigation. In: 16th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems, vol 54. ACM, New York, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Vessaz C (2011) Konzeption und prototypische entwicklung eines web service für innenraumnavigation. Zürich: ETH Zürich, D-BAUG, IGP, Masterprojektarbeit

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Claus Nagel from TU Berlin for the fruitful discussions and the advice regarding the MLSM (Open Geospatial Consortium 2010b).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Donaubauer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Donaubauer, A., Straub, F., Panchaud, N., Vessaz, C. (2013). A 3D Indoor Routing Service with 2D Visualization Based on the Multi-Layered Space-Event Model. In: Krisp, J. (eds) Progress in Location-Based Services. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34203-5_25

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics