Skip to main content

Environmental Pollution

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Environmental Geoinformatics

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

There exist various definitions to the word pollution depending on one’s jurisdiction and the laws of a particular country. Springer (1977, see references therein) looks at the meaningful concept of defining pollution in international law by posing the questions: “What are you talking about when you are talking about pollution? What is pollution? How would you define it if you are going to remove the concept of damage from it?” These questions are not easily answerable and as Springer (1977) acknowledges, the term pollution is a word whose precise meaning in law, particularly international law, is not easily discerned Springer (1977). It has been used in a wide variety of contexts, from international conventions to pessimistic speeches about the state of the environment, to describe different levels and kinds of man-induced changes in the natural world Springer (1977).

“People blame their environment. There is only one person to blame–and only one–themselves.”

Robert Collier.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aseto O, Ong’ang’a O (2003) Lake Victoria (Kenya) and its environs: resource opportunites and challenges. Africa Herald Publishing House, Kendu Bay

    Google Scholar 

  • Awange JL, Obera B (2007) Motor vehicles: are they emerging threats to Lake Victoria and its environment? Water Air Soil Pollut 182(1–4):43–56. doi:10.1007/s11270-006-9319-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Awange JL, Ong’ang’a O (2006) Lake Victoria—ecology, resource of the Lake Basin and environment. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs D (2005) The role of GIS: coping with space (and time) in air pollution exposure assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health 68(13–14):1243–1261. doi:10.1080/15287390590936094

    Google Scholar 

  • Carletti R, Picci M, Romano D (2000) Kriging and bilinear methods forestimating spatial pattern of atmospheric pollutants. Environ Monit Assess 63:341–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins S, Smallbone K Briggs (1995) A GIS approach to modelling small area variations in air pollution within a complex urban environment. In: Fisher P (ed) Innovations in GIS 2. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 245–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbley KP, Stauffer R (2006) Curbing water pollution with mobile GIS: mobile data collection with handheld GPS units facilitates a San Francisco utility’s quest for cleaner water, enabling a two-pronged effort to build a storm drain GIS layer and educate citizens about pollution. Geospatial Solutions. http://www.gpsworld.com/gis/local-government/curbing-water-pollution-with-mobile-gis-5361. Accessed on 20 Jan 2011

  • Denby B, Walker SE, Horálek OJ, Eben K, Fiala J (2005) Interpolation and assimilation methods for European scale air quality assessment and mapping. Review and recommendations. European topic centre on air and climate change technical paper, vol 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson J, MacKenzie D (2007) Using global positioning systems in household surveys for better economics and better policy. World Bank Res Obs 22(2):217–241. doi:10.1093/wbro/lkm009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoornweg D, Thomas L (1999) What a waste: solid waste management in Asia. Urban development sector unit East Asia and Pacific region, The international bank for reconstruction and development/THE WORLD BANK, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Kanaroglou P, Eyles J, Finkelstein N, Giovis C, Brook JR (2001) A GIS: environmental justice analysis of particulate air pollution in Hamilton, Canada. Environ Plann 33(6):955–973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson R, Wichern D (2007) Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 6th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Kairu JK (2001) Wetland-use and impact on Lake Victoria. Lakes Reserv Resour Manage 6(2):117–125. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1770.2001.00135.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laboratory Manual (2008) ENV 310 land management practical manual. Learning materials: school of environmental science. Murdoch University, Murdoch

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitman J (2000) Rapid environmental assessment: lessons from cities in the developing world, vol 1. Methodology and preliminary findings. Urban management programme, UNHCS, UNDP and the World Bank

    Google Scholar 

  • Lottermoser B (2003) Mine wastes. Characterization, treatment and environmental impacts. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie FT (2003) Our changing planet; an introduction to earth system science and global environmental change, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Maantay J (2005) Asthma and airpollution in the bronx: methodological and data considerations in using GIS for environmental justice and health research, health and place: environmental justice, population health, critical theory and GIS, vol 13, issue no.1. Elsevier, pp 32–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulaku GC, Kariuki LW (2002) Mapping air pollution in Nairobi, Kenya, African. J Environ Assess Manag 4(1):29–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichol JE (2005) Remote sensing of urban heat islands by day and night. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 71:613–623

    Google Scholar 

  • Odada EO, Olago DO, Kulindwa K, Ntiba M, Wandiga S (2004) Mitigation of environmental problems in Lake Victoria, East Africa: causal chain and policy options analyzes. Royal Swed Acad Sci 33(1):13–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Odhiambo GO, Kinyua AM, Gatebe CK, Awange JL (2010) Motor vehicles air pollution in Nairobi, Kenya. Res J Environ Earth Sci 2(4):178–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Oke TR (1988) The urban energy balance. Prog Phys Geogr 12:471–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opande T (2008) Planning solid waste collection in low income settlements of Nyalenda and Ondiek in Kisumu town, Kenya. MSc Thesis, Maseno University, Kenya

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiner C, Branzila M, Trandabat A, Ciobanu RC (2006) Air quality and pollution mapping system, using remote measurements and gps technology. Global NEST J 8(3):315–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubeler P, Wehrle K, Christen J (1996) Conceptual framework for municipal solid waste management in low income countries. UMP working papers series no.9, UNDP/SDC/UNCHS/World Bank, UMP/SKAT

    Google Scholar 

  • Senkwe B, Mwale A (2001) Solid waste in Kitwe, Zambia. A solid waste characterization study for the city of Kitwe, Zambia. Phase I. A consultancy report for SINPA, Zambia; institute for housing and urban development studies, Netherlands; and the Copper Belt University, Kitwe, Zambia

    Google Scholar 

  • Sifakis NL, Soulakellis NA, Paronis DK (1998) Quantitative mapping of air pollution density using earth observations: a new processing method and application to an urban area. Int J Remote Sens 19(17):3289–3300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Springer AL (1977) Towards a meaningful concept of pollution in international law. Int Comp Law Quarte 26:531–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor MAP, Woolley JE, Zito R (2000) Integration of the global positioning system and geographical information systems for traffic congestion studies. Transp Res Part C 8(1–6):257–285. doi:10.1016/S0968-090X(00)00015-2

  • Tayanc M (2000) An assessment of spatial and temporal variation of sulphur dioxide levels over Istanbul, Turkey. Environ Pollut 107(1):61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Centre for Human Settlement (UNCHS) and United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) (1996) International source book on environmentally sound technologies for municipal solid waste management. IECT technical publication series, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ung A, Wald L, Ranchin T, Weber C, Hirsch J, Perron G, Kleinpeter J (2001) Satellite data for air pollution mapping over a city—virtual stations, Proceeding of the 21st EARSeL symposium. New solutions for a New Millenium, Paris, France, Observing our environment from space, pp 14–16

    Google Scholar 

  • US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (1994) Technical document. Acid mine drainage prediction. EPA 530-R-94-036; NTIS PB94-201829

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Beukering P, Sekher M, Gerlagh R, Kumar V, (1999) Analyzing urban solid waste in developing countries; a perspective on Bangalore, India. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), Working paper No.24. CREED, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Voogt JA, Oke TR (2003) Thermal remote sensing of urban climate. Remote Sens Environ 86:370–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wald L, Baleynaud J-M (1999) Observing air quality over the city of Nantes by means of LANDSAT thermal infrared data. Int J Remote Sens 20(5):947–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng Q (2010) Remote sensing and GIS integration: theories, methods, and applications. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 416

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang S, Dong J, Cheng B (2000) Characteristics of air particulate matter and their sources in urban and rural area of Beijing. Ch J Environ Sci 12:402–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Zito R, D’Este GM, Taylor MAP (1995) Global positioning systems in the time domain: how useful a tool for intelligent vehicle-highway systems. Transp Res C3(4):193–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Zito R, Taylor MAP (1994) The use of GPS in travel time surveys. Traffic Eng Control 35(12):685–690

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph L. Awange .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Awange, J.L., Kyalo Kiema, J.B. (2013). Environmental Pollution. In: Environmental Geoinformatics. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34085-7_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics