Skip to main content

Electro-Optically Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 637 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

The realization of an EOM VCSEL for high-speed applications is shown. An in-depth device characterization is presented along with the growth and optimization challenges encountered for this \(\sim \) 400 layer dual cavity design. Modeling and measurements reveal existing prototype limitations and predict an intrinsic bandwidth potential of 56 GHz for future devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. G.K. Cambron, in The Multimedia Transformation. Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Blokhin, J. Lott, A. Mutig, G. Fiol, N. Ledentsov, M. Maximov, A. Nadtochiy, V. Shchukin, D. Bimberg, Oxide-confined 850 nm VCSELs operating at bit rates up to 40 Gbit/s. Electron. Lett. 45(10), 501 (2009). ISSN 0013-5194

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Westbergh, J. Gustavsson, A. Haglund, M. Skold, A. Joel, A. Larsson, High-speed, low-current-density 850 nm VCSELs. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(3), 694 (2009). ISSN 1077-260X

    Google Scholar 

  4. V.A. Shchukin, N.N. Ledentsov, J.A. Lott, H. Quast, F. Hopfer, L.Y. Karachinsky, M. Kuntz, P. Moser, A. Mutig, A. Strittmatter, V.P. Kalosha, D. Bimberg, Ultra high-speed electro-optically modulated VCSELs: modeling and experimental results. SPIE Proc. Phys. Simul. Optoelectron. Dev. XVI 6889 68890H-1–68890H-15 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.784371

  5. Y.H. Lee, J.L. Jewell, S.J. Walker, C.W. Tu, J.P. Harbison, L.T. Florez, Electrodispersive multiple quantum well modulator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(18), 1684 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. D.A.B. Miller, D.S. Chemla, T.C. Damen, A.C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, T.H. Wood, C.A. Burrus, Band-edge electroabsorption in quantum well structures: the quantum-confined stark effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53(22), 2173 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. D.A.B. Miller, D.S. Chemla, T.C. Damen, A.C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, T.H. Wood, C.A. Burrus, Electric field dependence of optical absorption near the band gap of quantum-well structures. Phys. Rev. B 32(2), 1043 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Hopfer, A. Mutig, G. Fiol, M. Kuntz, V. Shchukin, V. Haisler, T. Warming, E. Stock, S. Mikhrin, I. Krestnikov, D. Livshits, A. Kovsh, C. Bornholdt, A. Lenz, H. Eisele, M. Dahne, N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, 20 Gb/s \(85\,^{\circ }{\text{ C}}\) error-free operation of VCSELs based on submonolayer deposition of quantum dots. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(5), 1302 (2007). ISSN 1077-260X

    Google Scholar 

  9. V.A. Haisler, F. Hopfer, R.L. Sellin, A. Lochmann, K. Fleischer, N. Esser, W. Richter, N.N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, C. Möller, N. Grote, Micro-Raman studies of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with Al\(_{{\rm {x}}}\)O\(_{{\rm {y}}}\)/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(14), 2544 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Choquette, K. Geib, C. Ashby, R. Twesten, O. Blum, H. Hou, D. Follstaedt, B. Hammons, D. Mathes, R. Hull, Advances in selective wet oxidation of AlGaAs alloys. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(3), 916 (1997). ISSN 1077-260X

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Lengyel, K. Jelley, R. Engelmann, A semi-empirical model for electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulator structures. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 296 (1990). ISSN 00189197

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Lang, K. Kobayashi, External optical feedback effects on semiconductor injection laser properties. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 16(3), 347 (1980). ISSN 0018-9197

    Google Scholar 

  13. E.A. Avrutin, V.B. Gorfinkel, S. Luryi, K.A. Shore, Control of surface-emitting laser diodes by modulating the distributed Bragg mirror reflectivity: small-signal analysis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63(18), 2460 (1993). ISSN 00036951

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. van Eisden, M. Yakimov, V. Tokranov, M. Varanasi, E.M. Mohammed, I.A. Young, S. Oktyabrsky, Modulation properties of VCSEL with intracavity modulator. Proc. SPIE 6484, 64840A (2007). ISSN 0277786X

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. van Eisden, M. Yakimov, V. Tokranov, M. Varanasi, O. Rumyantsev, E.M. Mohammed, I.A. Young, S.R. Oktyabrsky, High frequency resonance-free loss modulation in a duo-cavity VCSEL. Proc. SPIE 6908, 69080M (2008). ISSN 0277786X

    Google Scholar 

  16. T.D. Germann, A. Strittmatter, A. Mutig, A.M. Nadtochiy, J.A. Lott, S.A. Blokhin, L.Y. Karachinsky, V.A. Shchukin, N.N. Ledentsov, U.W. Pohl, D. Bimberg, Monolithic electro-optically modulated vertical cavity surface emitting laser with 10 Gb/s open-eye operation. Physica Status Solidi (C) 7(10), 2552 (2010). ISSN 18626351

    Google Scholar 

  17. T.D. Germann, W. Hofmann, A.M. Nadtochiy, J.-H. Schulze, A. Mutig, A. Strittmatter, D. Bimberg, Electro-optical resonance modulation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Opt. Express 20(5), 5099 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tim David Germann .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Germann, T.D. (2012). Electro-Optically Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers. In: Design and Realization of Novel GaAs Based Laser Concepts. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34079-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34079-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34078-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34079-6

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics