Abstract
Viscoelastic fluids are those with complex microstructures, e.g., suspensions of particles or droplets (blood, paint, ink, asphalt, etc.), or long-chain polymer solutions or melts (molten plastics, fiber-reinforced plastics, DNA solutions, etc.). These fluids exhibit a wide variety of flow behaviors, including shear-rate dependent viscosity, non-zero normal stress differences (leading to rod-climbing effects, die swell, etc.), stress overshoot in a start-up of a shear flow, fluid recoils, large elongational viscosity, extrudate instabilities, etc. In this chapter, we learn a summary of these most important viscoelastic phenomena.
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Notes
- 1.
The film Rheological Behavior of Fluids, presented by Prof. Hershel Markovitz, should be watched at this point. It contains the main important non-Newtonian flow phenomena and can be found at the site web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html. This site is a depository of a large number of other interesting fluid mechanics films. The book by Boger and Walters [7] should also be consulted—it contains a large number of interesting photographs detailing non-Newtonian behaviors.
- 2.
Karl Weissenberg (1893–1976) contributed significantly to Rheology in the early years, and has several phenomena named after him.
References
R.B. Bird, R.C. Armstrong, O. Hassager, Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids. Vol. 1: Fluid Mechanics, 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York, 1987)
D.V. Boger, K. Walters, Rheological Phenomena in Focus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993)
R.I. Tanner, J. Polym. Sci., Part A 2(8), 2067–2078 (1970)
R.I. Tanner, Engineering Rheology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992). Revised edn.
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Phan-Thien, N. (2013). Rheological Properties. In: Understanding Viscoelasticity. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32958-6_2
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