Abstract
Social innovation and development have to be placed in the perspective of sustainability. Overcoming poverty and pauperisation is not only an issue for the Third World; however, the so-called developed nations, i.e. mainly the OECD countries, are facing increasing social inequality and pauperisation after their short dream of ever-lasting prosperity (Lutz 1984). Mini-credits have been regarded as a means of overcoming pauperisation first in Third World countries, later in developed countries as well, and the idea has been compensated by the Nobel Prize for peace in 2006. But not only since the recent conflict about its initiator, Muhammad Yunus, there has been rising critique, especially in India. Strategies for sustainability include Corporate Social Responsibility, the development of a strong civil society, the quality of democratic participation, and by it strengthening the trade unions as the largest democratic institutions in our societies.
Civil society is not only in the core of democratisation but also for social innovation. Since the Age of Enlightenment science and its institutions are the centre for innovation and social innovation. The reference here is not only in regard to Schumpeter but for Karl Polanyi too.
Since the 1970s there is a debate about zero growth and alternative measurements for the quality of life and working life, beyond GDP (Széll, G., & Széll, U. (Eds.) (2009). Quality of Life & Working Life in Comparison. Frankfurt/M: Peter Lang).
Parts of this article are published in ‘The social economy: its role, importance, and prospects’, in Veli Matti Autio (ed.), Contemporary Corporate Culture under Globalization, Vol. III, A Memorial Book for Professor Erkki Asp, Helsinki, FEMDI/Finnish Employers’ Management Development Institute, 2012: 265–278.
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Notes
- 1.
Although there are quite a few other states, which still have a reference to socialism in their constitution: Bangladesh, Guyana, India, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Syria and Tanzania.
- 2.
The list of 527 examples in the book is quite impressive, however, it lacks a proper assessment in regard to the impact and importance of each of them.
- 3.
The citation is not to be found in a book, however, in a dispersed way, on the internet page of Social Innovator http://www.socialinnovator.info/about/why-social-innovation (retrieved 9 January 2012).
- 4.
Although with the rise of nationalism, Fascism and Stalinism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, or religious fundamentalism today progress is questioned.
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Széll, G. (2012). Social Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship and Development. In: Franz, HW., Hochgerner, J., Howaldt, J. (eds) Challenge Social Innovation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32879-4_12
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