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Microbial Metal Respiration pp 1–28Cite as

Minerals and Aqueous Species of Iron and Manganese as Reactants and Products of Microbial Metal Respiration

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Abstract

Minerals and aqueous species of redox-active elements are common participants in the processes of microbial metal respiration. Redox-active elements may be major or minor constituents of minerals and mineraloids. They are often adsorbed onto the surfaces on minerals that may or may not be involved in microbial metal respiration. They may be adsorbed onto or incorporated in solid-like organic matter; harvested by and contained in living cells; associated with aqueous colloidal matter, organic or inorganic; dissolved and complexed with humic substances; dissolved in the aqueous phase, possibly complexed with inorganic anions. Given their sheer abundance, iron and manganese are the most important elements from this point of view. Mineralogy of Fe is controlled by the two common oxidation states, +2 and +3. The three commonly available oxidation states of Mn (+2, +3, +4) make the mineralogy of this transition metal even more variable. Besides the chemical and crystallographic aspects of minerals of Fe and Mn, this chapter also briefly refers to the mounting evidence that essentially all near-surface minerals of Fe and Mn are involved in microbial metal respiration. In addition to the minerals of Fe and Mn, minerals with layered structure are discussed. These embrace clay minerals and layered double hydroxides; the latter group includes the ephemeral but important green rusts. Redox potentials for many of the minerals of Fe and Mn are calculated and the dependence of redox potentials on the particle size of iron oxides is quantitatively evaluated.

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  1. Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749, Jena, Germany

    Juraj Majzlan

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  1. Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany

    Johannes Gescher

  2. , Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Geo, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany

    Andreas Kappler

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Majzlan, J. (2013). Minerals and Aqueous Species of Iron and Manganese as Reactants and Products of Microbial Metal Respiration. In: Gescher, J., Kappler, A. (eds) Microbial Metal Respiration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32867-1_1

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