Abstract
We propose an approach to reduce the optimal controller synthesis problem of hybrid systems to quantifier elimination; furthermore, we also show how to combine quantifier elimination with numerical computation in order to make it more scalable but at the same time, keep arising errors due to discretization manageable and within bounds. A major advantage of our approach is not only that it avoids errors due to numerical computation, but it also gives a better optimal controller. In order to illustrate our approach, we use the real industrial example of an oil pump provided by the German company HYDAC within the European project Quasimodo as a case study throughout this paper, and show that our method improves (up to 7.5%) the results reported in [4] based on game theory and model checking.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asarin, E., Bournez, O., Dang, T., Maler, O., Pnueli, A.: Effective synthesis of switching controllers for linear systems. Proc. of the IEEE 88(7), 1011–1025 (2000)
Bemporad, A., Morari, M., Dua, V., Pistikopoulos, E.N.: The explicit linear quadratic regulator for constrained systems. Automatica 38(1), 3–20 (2002)
Brown, C.W.: QEPCAD B: A program for computing with semi-algebraic sets using CADs. SIGSAM Bulletin 37, 97–108 (2003)
Cassez, F., Jessen, J.J., Larsen, K.G., Raskin, J.-F., Reynier, P.-A.: Automatic Synthesis of Robust and Optimal Controllers – An Industrial Case Study. In: Majumdar, R., Tabuada, P. (eds.) HSCC 2009. LNCS, vol. 5469, pp. 90–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Chatterjee, K., de Alfaro, L., Majumdar, R., Raman, V.: Algorithms for game metrics (full version). Logical Methods in Computer Science 6(3) (2010), http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.4326
Davenport, J.H., Heintz, J.: Real quantifier elimination is doubly exponential. J. Symb. Comput. 5(1-2), 29–35 (1988)
Dolzmann, A., Seidl, A., Sturm, T.: Redlog User Manual, 3.1 edition for redlog Version 3.06 (reduce 3.8) (November 2006), http://redlog.dolzmann.de/downloads/
Dolzmann, A., Sturm, T., Weispfenning, V.: Real Quantifier Elimination in Practice. In: Algorithmic Algebra and Number Theory, pp. 221–247. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Fotiou, I.A., Rostalski, P., Parrilo, P.A., Morari, M.: Parametric optimization and optimal control using algebraic geometry methods. International Journal of Control 79(11), 1340–1358 (2006)
Frehse, G.: PHAVer: algorithmic verification of hybrid systems past HyTech. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. 10(3), 263–279 (2008)
Gulwani, S., Tiwari, A.: Constraint-based approach for analysis of hybrid systems. In: Gupta, A., Malik, S. (eds.) CAV 2008. LNCS, vol. 5123, pp. 190–203. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Hearn, A.C.: Reduce User’s Manual (February 2004), http://reduce-algebra.com/docs/reduce.pdf , version 3.8
Henzinger, T., Ho, P.H., Wong-Toi, H.: HyTech: A Model Checker for Hybrid Systems. In: Grumberg, O. (ed.) CAV 1997. LNCS, vol. 1254, pp. 460–463. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Jensen, P.A., Bard, J.F.: Operations Research Models and Methods. John Wiley & Sons (October 2002)
Jha, S., Seshia, S.A., Tiwari, A.: Synthesis of optimal switching logic for hybrid systems. In: EMSOFT 2011, pp. 107–116. ACM, New York (2011)
Kanno, M., Yokoyama, K., Anai, H., Hara, S.: Symbolic optimization of algebraic functions. In: ISSAC 2008, pp. 147–154. ACM, New York (2008)
Liu, J., Zhan, N., Zhao, H.: Computing semi-algebraic invariants for polynomial dynamical systems. In: EMSOFT 2011, pp. 97–106. ACM, New York (2011)
Loos, R., Weispfenning, V.: Applying linear quantifier elimination. The Computer Journal 36(5), 450–462 (1993)
Monniaux, D.: Mjollnir-2009-07-10, http://www-verimag.imag.fr/~monniaux/mjollnir.html
Monniaux, D.: A Quantifier Elimination Algorithm for Linear Real Arithmetic. In: Cervesato, I., Veith, H., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5330, pp. 243–257. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Platzer, A., Clarke, E.M.: Computing Differential Invariants of Hybrid Systems as Fixedpoints. In: Gupta, A., Malik, S. (eds.) CAV 2008. LNCS, vol. 5123, pp. 176–189. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Platzer, A., Clarke, E.M.: Formal Verification of Curved Flight Collision Avoidance Maneuvers: A Case Study. In: Cavalcanti, A., Dams, D.R. (eds.) FM 2009. LNCS, vol. 5850, pp. 547–562. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Sankaranarayanan, S., Sipma, H.B., Manna, Z.: Constructing Invariants for Hybrid Systems. In: Alur, R., Pappas, G.J. (eds.) HSCC 2004. LNCS, vol. 2993, pp. 539–554. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Sturm, T., Tiwari, A.: Verification and synthesis using real quantifier elimination. In: ISSAC 2011, pp. 329–336. ACM, New York (2011)
Taly, A., Gulwani, S., Tiwari, A.: Synthesizing Switching Logic Using Constraint Solving. In: Jones, N.D., Müller-Olm, M. (eds.) VMCAI 2009. LNCS, vol. 5403, pp. 305–319. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Taly, A., Tiwari, A.: Switching logic synthesis for reachability. In: EMSOFT 2010, pp. 19–28. ACM, New York (2010)
Tarski, A.: A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry. University of California Press, Berkeley (1951)
Tomlin, C.J., Lygeros, J., Sastry, S.S.: A game theoretic approach to controller design for hybrid systems. Proc. of the IEEE 88(7), 949–970 (2000)
Weispfenning, V.: Parametric linear and quadratic optimization by elimination. Tech. rep., Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Passau (1994)
Zhao, H., Zhan, N., Kapur, D., Larsen, K.G.: A “hybrid” approach for synthesizing optimal controllers of hybrid systems: A case study of the oil pump industrial example. CoRR abs/1203.6025 (2012), http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6025
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhao, H., Zhan, N., Kapur, D., Larsen, K.G. (2012). A “Hybrid” Approach for Synthesizing Optimal Controllers of Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of the Oil Pump Industrial Example. In: Giannakopoulou, D., Méry, D. (eds) FM 2012: Formal Methods. FM 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7436. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32759-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32759-9_38
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32758-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32759-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)