Abstract
We present a modular and flexible algorithmic framework to enable a fusion of scheduling theory and evolutionary multi-objective combinatorial optimization. For single-objective scheduling problems, that is the optimization of task assignments to sparse resources over time, a variety of optimal algorithms or heuristic rules are available. However, in the multi-objective domain it is often impossible to provide specific and theoretically well founded algorithmic solutions. In that situation, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are commonly used. Although several standard heuristics from this domain exist, most of them hardly allow the integration of available single-objective problem knowledge without complex redesign of the algorithms structure itself. The redesign and tuned application of common evolutionary multi-objective optimizers is far beyond the scope of scheduling research. We therefore describe a framework based on a cellular and agent-based approach which allows the straightforward construction of multi-objective optimizers by compositing single-objective scheduling heuristics. In a case study, we address strongly NP-hard parallel machine scheduling problems and compose optimizers combining the known single-objective results. We eventually show that this approach can bridge between scheduling theory and evolutionary multi-objective search.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baptiste, P.: Scheduling equal-length jobs on identical parallel machines. Discrete Applied Mathematics 103(1-3), 21–32 (2000)
Beyer, H.-G.: The Theory of Evolution Strategies. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Bowman Jr., V.J.: On the Relationship of the Tchebycheff Norm and the Efficient Frontier of Multi-Criteria Objectives. In: Thiriez, H., Zionts, S. (eds.) Multiple Criteria Decision Making. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol. 130, pp. 76–85. Springer, Berlin (1976)
Bruno, J., Coffman Jr., E.G., Sethi, R.: Scheduling independent tasks to reduce mean finishing time. Communications of the ACM 17(7), 382–387 (1974)
Coello Coello, C., Lamont, G.B., van Veldhuizen, D.A.: Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2007)
Conover, W.J., Johnson, M.E., Johnson, M.M.: A comparative study of tests for homogeneity of variances, with applications to the outer continental shelf bidding data. Technometrics 4(23), 351–361 (1981)
Dalgaard, P.: Introductory Statistics with R. In: Statistics and Computing, Springer, New York (2002)
Das, I., Dennis, J.E.: A closer look at drawbacks of minimizing weighted sums of objectives for Pareto set generation in multicriteria optimization problems. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 14, 63–69 (1997)
Deb, K.: Multi-Objective Optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms, 1st edn. Wiley-Interscience Series in Systems and Optimization. Wiley (2001)
Deb, K., Agrawal, S., Pratab, A., Meyarivan, T.: A Fast Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization: NSGA-II. In: Deb, K., Rudolph, G., Lutton, E., Merelo, J.J., Schoenauer, M., Schwefel, H.-P., Yao, X. (eds.) PPSN 2000. LNCS, vol. 1917, pp. 849–858. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., Meyarivan, T.: A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 6(2), 182–197 (2002)
Dutot, P.-F., Rzadca, K., Saule, E., Trystram, D.: Multi-Objective Scheduling. In: Introduction to Scheduling, 1st edn., pp. 219–251. CRC Press (2010)
Fligner, M.A., Killeen, T.J.: Distribution-free two-sample tests for scale. Journal of the American Statistical Association 71(353), 210–213 (1976)
Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. Freeman, San Francisco (1979)
Graham, R.L., Lawer, E.L., Lenstra, J.K., Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G.: Optimization and approximation in deterministic sequencing and scheduling: A survey. Annals of Discrete Mathematics 5, 287–326 (1979)
Grimme, C., Kemmerling, M., Lepping, J.: An expertise-guided multi-criteria approach to scheduling problems. In: Proceedings of the International Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), pp. 47–48. ACM, New York (2011)
Grimme, C., Lepping, J.: Designing Multi-objective Variation Operators Using a Predator-Prey Approach. In: Obayashi, S., Deb, K., Poloni, C., Hiroyasu, T., Murata, T. (eds.) EMO 2007. LNCS, vol. 4403, pp. 21–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Grimme, C., Lepping, J.: Integrating niching into the predator-prey model using epsilon-constraints. In: Proceedings of the International Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), pp. 109–110. ACM, New York (2011)
Grimme, C., Lepping, J., Papaspyrou, A.: Exploring the Behavior of Building Blocks for Multi-Objective Variation Operator Design using Predator-Prey Dynamics. In: Thierens, D., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), London, pp. 805–812. ACM (June 2007)
Grimme, C., Lepping, J., Schwiegelshohn, U.: Multi-Criteria Scheduling: An Agent-based Approach for Expert Knowledge Integration. Journal of Scheduling, 1–15 (2011)
Haupt, R.: A Survey of Priority Rule-Based Scheduling. OR Spectrum 11(1), 3–16 (1989)
Ho, J.C., Chang, Y.-L.: Minimizing the number of tardy jobs for m parallel machines. European Journal of Operational Research 84(2), 343–355 (1995)
Hoogeveen, H.: Multicriteria scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research 167(3), 592–623 (2005)
Jägersküpper, J., Preuß, M.: Empirical Investigation of Simplified Step-Size Control in Metaheuristics with a View to Theory. In: McGeoch, C.C. (ed.) WEA 2008. LNCS, vol. 5038, pp. 263–274. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Jouglet, A., Savourey, D.: Dominance rules for the parallel machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem with release dates. Computers & Operations Research 38(9), 1259–1266 (2011)
Kawaguchi, T., Kyan, S.: Worst case bound of an lrf schedule for the mean weighted flow-time problem. SIAM Journal on Computing 15(4), 1119–1129 (1986)
Laumanns, M., Rudolph, G., Schwefel, H.-P.: A Spatial Predator-Prey Approach to Multi-objective Optimization: A Preliminary Study. In: Eiben, A.E., Bäck, T., Schoenauer, M., Schwefel, H.-P. (eds.) PPSN 1998. LNCS, vol. 1498, pp. 241–249. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Laumanns, M., Thiele, L., Zitzler, E.: An efficient, adaptive parameter variation scheme for metaheuristics based on the epsilon-constraint method. European Journal of Operational Research 169(3), 932–942 (2006)
Lei, D.: Multi–objective production scheduling: a survey. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 43(9), 926–938 (2009)
Lenstra, J.K., Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G., Brucker, P.: Complexity of machine scheduling problems. Annals of Discrete Mathematics 1, 343–362 (1977)
Li, X., Amodeo, L., Yalaoui, F., Chehade, H.: A multiobjective optimization approach to solve a parallel machines scheduling problem. Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 1–10 (2010)
Miettinen, K.: Nonlinear Multiobjective Optimization. Kluwer’s International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1999)
Moore, J.M.: An n–job, one machine sequencing algorithm for minimizing the number of late jobs. Management Science 15(1), 102–109 (1968)
Nagar, A., Haddock, J., Heragu, S.: Multiple and bicriteria scheduling: A literature survey. European Journal of Operational Research 81(1), 88–104 (1995)
Pinedo, M.: Scheduling: Theory, Algorithms, and Systems, 3rd edn. Springer (2009)
Sahni, S.K.: Algorithms for scheduling independent tasks. Journal of the ACM 23(1), 116–127 (1976)
Schwiegelshohn, U.: An alternative proof of the Kawaguchi-Kyan bound for the Largest-Ratio-First rule. Technical Report 0111, TU Dortmund University (2011)
SongFa, H., Ying, Z.: NSGA-II based grid task scheduling with multi-qos constraint. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (WGEC 2009), pp. 306–308. IEEE (2009)
Süer, G.A., Báez, E., Czajkiewicz, Z.: Minimizing the number of tardy jobs in identical machine scheduling. Computers and Industrial Engineering 25(1-4), 243–246 (1993)
T’kindt, V., Billaut, J.-C.: Multicriteria Scheduling. Theory, Models and Algorithms, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin (2006)
van Wassenhove, L.N., Gelders, F.: Solving a Bicriterion Scheduling Problem. European Journal of Operational Research 2(4), 281–290 (1980)
Yuan, X., Quanfeng, L.: Bicriteria parallel machines scheduling problem with fuzzy due dates based on NSGA-II. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2010), vol. 3, pp. 520–524. IEEE (2010)
Zitzler, E.: Evolutionary Algorithms for Multiobjective Optimization: Methods and Applications. PhD thesis, ETH Zürich (1999)
Zitzler, E., Thiele, L.: Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: A Comparative Case Study and the Strength Pareto Approach. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 3(4), 257–271 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grimme, C., Kemmerling, M., Lepping, J. (2013). On the Integration of Theoretical Single-Objective Scheduling Results for Multi-objective Problems. In: Tantar, E., et al. EVOLVE- A Bridge between Probability, Set Oriented Numerics and Evolutionary Computation. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 447. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32726-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32726-1_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32725-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32726-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)