Abstract
The interpretation of Natural Law is changing nowadays, but of course there are other problems: if this change may efficiently reach traditional “believers”, i.e. old iusnaturalists, if they will accept the change, and if that may really make a difference to them.
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Notes
- 1.
Leo Strauss, Natural Right and History, Chicago, The Chicago University Press, 1953.
- 2.
Costas Douzinas, Adam Gearey, Critical Jurisprudence. The Political Philosophy of Justice, Oxford–Portland Oregon, Hart,
2005; Ian Ward, Introduction to Critical Legal Theory, 2.nd ed., Milton Park/New Iork, Routledge-Cavendish, 2004, spec. p. 155 et sq. About the critical legal studies, also see the journals “Law and Critique” (British), “Doxa” (Spanish), etc.
- 3.
See, v.g., Daniel A. Farber/Suzanna Sherry, Legal Storytelling and Constitutional Law. The Medium and the Message, in Law Stories. Narrative and Rhetoric in the Law, ed. by Peter Brooks/Paul Gewirtz, New Haven e Londres, Yale University Press, 1996. And our book Filosofia do Direito, Coimbra, Almedina, 2006, p. 574 et sq.
- 4.
Peter Goodrich, Reading the Law, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986; Anna Pintore, “Law and hipocrisy”, in IJSL, IV, 11, 1991, pp. 191 et sq.; Ian Ward, Law and Literature, in “Law and Critique”, IV, 1, 1993; R. Weisberg, Comparative Law in Comparative Literature: the figure of the ‘Examining Magistrate’ in Dostoievski and Camus, in “Rutgers Law Review”, no. 29, 1986, pp. 237 et sq.; Idem, Coming of age some more: ‘Law and Literature’ beyond the Cradle, in “Nova Law Review, no. 13, 1988; Idem, Text into Theory: a Literary approach to the Constitution, in “Georgia Law Review”, no. 20, 1986, pp. 939 et sq.; Idem, The Law-Literature Enterprise, in “Yale Journal of Law and Humanities”, no. 1,1988, pp. l et sq.; James Boyd Whyte, Law as Language: Reading Law and Reading Literature, in “Texas Law Review”, no. 60, 1982; Idem, The Legal Imagination: studies in the nature of legal thought and expression, Little Brown, Boston, 1973; and the journal “Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature”, USA. On the constitutional perspective, Germano Schwarz, A Constituição, a Literatura e o Direito, Porto Alegre, Livraria do Advogado Editora, 2006; Patrick Hanefin, Constituting Identity, Aldershot et al., Ashgate/Dartmouth, 2001.
- 5.
Pierre-François Moreau, Le Récit Utopique. Droit naturel et roman de l'Etat, Paris, P.U.F., 1982.
- 6.
From the economic side, this connection was already advocated by Adolf Wagner, Lehrbuch der politischen Oekonomie, Leipzig, C. F. Winter, 1879, vol. I, p. 290.
- 7.
Gunnar Myrdall, The Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory, 3rd ed., Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961.
- 8.
Carlos Loures, Diário de Bordo, 13th February 2012, in “A Viagem dos Argonautas”, http://aviagemdosargonautas.blogs.sapo.pt/. Consulted the 13th February 2012.
- 9.
G. L. S. Shackle, What makes an Economist? The University Press of Liverpool, 1953. Another interesting contemporary economist is Jacques Généreux, Nous, on peut! Manuel Anticrise à l'Usage du Citoyen, new revised and updated edition, Paris, Seuil, 2012.
- 10.
Ludwig von Mises, Human Action. A Treatise on Economics, trad. fr. L'Action Humaine. Traité D'Economie, Paris, P.U.F., 1985.
- 11.
Friedrich A. Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty, University of Chicago Press, 1973, 1976, 1979, 3 vols.
- 12.
André-Jean Arnaud, “Présentation” Autour d’un dialogue imaginaire entre Michel Villey et Friedrich A. Hayek, Droit et
société, 2009/1, no. 71, pp. 9–25.
- 13.
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press, 1971.
- 14.
Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.
- 15.
Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice, Harvard University Press/Londres, Allen Lane, 2009.
- 16.
About the natural law contribution of one of the most important theorists of nominalism, see, v.g., Alfredo Culleton, Ockham e a Lei Natural, Florianópolis, Editora UFSC, 2011.
- 17.
Christian Lazzeri, La Théorie du droit naturel au XVIIe siècle: l’utilité comme enjeu du droit et du contrat, in Alain Caillé/Christian Lazzeri/Michel Senellart, Histoire raisonnée de la philosophie morale et politique, t. I., De l’Antiquité aux Lumières, Paris, Flammarion, 2001, p. 465 et sq.
- 18.
See our article Do Jusracionalismo Luso-Brasileiro e da Unidade Essencial do Iusnaturalismo. Reflexão Problemática Filosófico-Histórica, in “Colatio”, São Paulo, no. 12, julho-setembro 2012, pp. 17–30.
- 19.
See our book Pensamento Jurídico Luso-Brasileiro, Lisbon, Imprensa Nacional—Casa da Moeda, 2006.
- 20.
Quentin Skinner, Liberty before Liberalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, p. 30 and note 67.
- 21.
Wagner Balera/Ricardo Sayeg, Capitalismo Humanista, Petrópolis, KBR, 2011.
- 22.
We have to recognize that some authors seem to give reason to this criticism, claiming for a rather confessional (and militant) vision of Natural Law. But what is peculiar is that in certain cases it is not a Roman Catholic "ideology", but just a certain vision of what Roman Catholic Church is or should be. That of course would trouble the debate and put it in the road of theological questions. See, recently, v.g., Bernardino Montejano, Poder jurídico y derecho natural, “Ethos. Revista de Filosofía Práctica”, no. 26, Buenos Aires, 2011, p. 39 et sq. About ideology and Natural Law, see, v.g., Virginia Black, Natural Law is not an Ideology, “Vera Lex”, vol. 1, no. 2, May–June, 1980, Editorial, p. 5 et sq.
- 23.
See our article Do Jusracionalismo Luso-Brasileiro e da Unidade Essencial do Iusnaturalismo. Reflexão Problemática Filosófico-Histórica, cit.
- 24.
See our Ph D thesis Mythe et Constitutionnalisme au Portugal (1778–1826). Originalité ou influence française? Paris, thèse de doctorat à l’Université Paris II, 1992 (policóp.).
- 25.
José Liberato Freire de Carvalho, Memórias da Vida de…, 2nd ed., Lisbon, Assírio e Alvim, 1982 [first ed., 1855].
- 26.
Three masters at least used this image: Rogério Ehrhardt Soares, Direito Público e Sociedade Técnica, Coimbra, Atlântida, 1969, p. 5; François Vallançon, Domaine et Propriété (Glose sur Saint Thomas D’Aquin, Somme Theologique IIA IIAE QU 66 ART 1 et 2), Paris, Université de Droit et Economie et de Sciences Sociales de Paris (Paris II), 1985, 3 vols., vol. III, p. 1055; José Joaquim Gomes Canotilho, Direito Constitucional, 5th ed., Coimbra, Almedina, 1991, p. 11.
- 27.
See the classical critique by Michel Villey, Le droit et les droits de l’homme, Paris, PUF, 1983; Idem, Polémique sur les 'Droits de l'Homme', in "Etudes Philosophiques", no. 2, 1986, p. 191 et sq.. Villey would finnally say : «je ne suis pas un adversaire des droits de l’homme» , in an interview to the newspaper «Le Monde» , 9–10 décembre 1984. See also about the subject, Alfred Dufour, Droits de 1’Homme, droit naturel et histoire, PUF, Paris, 1991; Blandine Barret-Kriegel, Les droits de l'homme et le droit naturel, Paris, P.U.F., 1989. About natural rights and Natural Law, John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights, 7th reimp., Oxford, Clarendom Press, 1993; Virginia Black, On connecting natural rights with Natural Law, in "Persona y Derecho", 1990, no. 22, p. 183 et sq.
- 28.
Francisco Puy, Derechos Humanos, vol. III. Derechos Politicos, Santiago de Compostela, Imprenta Paredes, 1985, p. 359.
- 29.
Ernst Bloch, Naturrecht und menschliche Würde, in Gesamtausgabe der Werke, Band 6., Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp,1961.
- 30.
Jacques Maritain, Natural Law. Reflections on Theory and Practice, Preface and editon by William Sweet, South Bend, Indiana, St. Augustine’s Press, 2001, p. 54.
- 31.
Ibidem, p. 53: “the philosophical foundation of the rights of man is Natural Law. Sorry that we cannot find another word!”.
- 32.
V. Paul E. Sigmund, Natural Law in Political Thought, Lanham, Nova Iorque, Londres, University Press of America, 1971;
Pierre-François Moreau, Le Récit Utopique. Droit naturel et roman de l'Etat, cit.
- 33.
A dangerous and concerning demonstration of the persistence of old mentalities in the courts would be, v.g., the thesis of José
Preto, Estado contra Direito, Lisbon, Argusnauta, 2010.
- 34.
James Gordley, The Philosophical Origins of Modern Contract Doctrine, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992.
- 35.
Brian, Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law 1150–1625, Grand
Rapids/Cambridge, William B. Eerdmans, 1997, new edition, 2001.
- 36.
José Reinaldo de Lima Lopes, As Palavras e a Lei. Direito, Ordem e Justiça na História do Pensamento Jurídico
Contemporâneo, São Paulo, EDESP, 2004, spéc. p. 267 et sq.
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da Cunha, P.F. (2013). Contemporary Natural Law Dialogues. In: Rethinking Natural Law. SpringerBriefs in Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32659-2_5
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