Abstract
Spintronics is a generalization of electronics: Electronics means charge carrier transport, spintronics adds to this transport the supplementary degree of freedom spin which has been neglected since the roots of electronics. In this sense, spintronics is opening a new dimension of functional devices which is even more mighty than it may look at a first glance: The electron spin and its orientation is a pure quantum mechanical phenomenon which leads in its complexity to much more information coding depth and combinatorial operations than the storage and transport of charges in classical electronics. That is why the quantum bit (qubit) concept has been introduced by Schumacher [1].
Keywords
- Light Emit Diode
- Polarization Degree
- Quarter Wave Plate
- Spin Injection
- Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
B. Schumacher, Phys. Rev. A 51(4), 2738 (1995)
J. Fabian, S. Das Sarma, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76(2), 323 (2004)
S. Hövel, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, F.Y. Lo, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, E. Schuster, H. Wende, W. Keune, Physica Status Solidi (C) 6(2), 436 (2009)
E. Schuster, R.A. Brand, F. Stromberg, F.Y. Lo, A. Ludwig, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, S. Hövel, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, H. Wende, W. Keune, J. Appl. Phys 108(6), 063902 (2010)
H. Zhu, M. Ramsteiner, H. Kostial, M. Wassermeier, H.P. Schönherr, K. Ploog, Phys Rev. Lett. 87(1), 1 (2001)
A.T. Hanbicki, B.T. Jonker, G. Itskos, G. Kioseoglou, A. Petrou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(7), 1240 (2002)
O.M.J. van ’t Erve, G. Kioseoglou, A.T. Hanbicki, C.H. Li, B.T. Jonker, R. Mallory, M. Yasar, A. Petrou, Applied Physics Letters 84(21), 4334 (2004)
X. Jiang, R. Wang, R. Shelby, R. Macfarlane, S. Bank, J. Harris, S. Parkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(5), 1 (2005)
H. Zhao, D. Talbayev, G. Lüpke, A. Hanbicki, C. Li, M. van’t Erve, G. Kioseoglou, B. Jonker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(13), 1 (2005)
C. Adelmann, J.L. Hilton, B.D. Schultz, S. McKernan, C.J. Palmstrom, X. Lou, H.S. Chiang, Pa Crowell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(11), 112511 (2006)
N.C. Gerhardt, S. Hövel, C. Brenner, M.R. Hofmann, F.Y. Lo, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, E. Schuster, W. Keune, K. Westerholt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(3), 032502 (2005)
A. Sinsarp, T. Manago, F. Takano, H. Akinaga, Japanese J. Appl. Phys. 46(1), L4 (2007)
S. Hövel, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, F.Y. Lo, A. Ludwig, D. Reuter, A.D.Wieck, E. Schuster, H. Wende, W. Keune, O. Petracic, K. Westerholt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(2), 021117(2008)
S. Hövel, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, F.Y. Lo, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, E. Schuster, W. Keune, H. Wende, O. Petracic, K. Westerholt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(24), 242102 (2008)
E. Schuster, W. Keune, F.Y. Lo, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, K. Westerholt, Superlattices and Microstructures 37(5), 313 (2005)
A. Ludwig, R. Roescu, A.K. Rai, K. Trunov, F. Stromberg, M. Li, H. Soldat, A. Ebbing, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, H. Wende, W. Keune, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Journal of Crystal Growth 323, 376 (2011)
C. Son, J. Cho, J.W. Park, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, 2619 (1999)
E.U. Schuster, Universität Duisburg-Essen (Dissertation) (2007)
K. Cherifi, C. Dufour, M. Piecuch, A. Bruson, P. Bauer, G. Marchal, P. Mangin, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 93, 609 (1991)
K. Mibu, N. Hosoito, T. Shinjo, Hyperfine Interactions 68, 341 (1991)
B. Scholz, R.A. Brand, W. Keune, Phys. Rev. B 50, 2537 (1994)
J. Tappert, S. Neumann, R.A. Brand, W. Keune, F. Klose, H. Maletta, Europhys. Lett. 46, 238 (1999)
H. Höpfner, M. Li, A. Ludwig, A. Ludwig, F. Stromberg, H. Wende, W. Keune, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, in, Proceedings of SPIE (2012), pp. 8260–09
K. Rochford, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, ed. by R.A. Meyers (Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 2004)
N.C. Gerhardt, S. Hövel, C. Brenner, M.R. Hofmann, F.Y. Lo, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, E. Schuster, W. Keune, S. Halm, G. Bacher, K. Westerholt, J. Appl. Phys. 99(7), 073907 (2006)
Z. Yu, M. Flatté, Phys. Rev. B 66(23), 1 (2002)
H. Soldat, M. Li, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, A. Ludwig, A. Ebbing, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, F. Stromberg, W. Keune, H. Wende, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(5), 051102 (2011)
S. Saikin, M. Shen, M.C. Cheng, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18(5), 1535 (2006)
V.A. Marushchak, M.N. Stepanova, A.N. Titkov, J. Exp. Theore. Phys. Lett. 37(7), 400 (1983)
T. Nakaoka, T. Saito, Y. Tatebayashi, Y. Arakawa, Phys. Rev. B 70, 235337 (2004)
M. Ghali, T. Kümmel, J. Wenisch, K. Brunner, G. Bacher, Appl. Phys. Lett 93, 073107 (2008)
M. Ghali, R. Arians, T. Kümmel, G. Bacher, J. Wenisch, S. Mahapatra, K. Brunner, Appl. Phys. Lett 90, 093110 (2007)
G. Schmidt, C. Gould, P. Grabs, A. Lunde, G. Richter, A. Slobodskyy, L. Molenkamp, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 226602 (2004)
R.M. Stroud, A.T. Hanbicki, Y.D. Park, G. Kioseoglou, A.G. Petukhov, B.T. Jonker, G. Itskos, A. Petrou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 166602 (2002)
R. Jiang, R. Wang, R. Shelby, R. MacFarlane, S. Bank, J. Harris, S. Parkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 056601 (2005)
M. Hetterich, W. Löffler, J. Fallert, N. Höpcke, H. Burger, T. Passow, S. Li, B. Daniel, B. Ramadout, J. Lupaca-Schomber, J. Hetterich, D. Litvinov, D. Gerthsen, C. Klingshirn, K. H., phys. stat. sol. (b) 243, 3812(2006).
J. Nannen, T. Kümmell, M. Bartsch, K. Brunner, G. Bacher, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 173108 (2010)
P. Asshoff, W. Öffler, J. Zimmer, H. Füser, H. Flügge, H. Kalt, M. Hetterich. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 202105 (2009)
R.J. Warburton, C. Schäflein, D. Haft, F. Bickel, A. Lorke, K. Karrai, J.M. Garcia, W. Schoenfeld, P.M. Petroff, Nature 405, 926 (2000)
M. Baier, F. Findeis, A. Zrenner, M. Bichler, G. Abstreiter, Phys. Rev. B 64, 195326 (2001)
F. Findeis, M. Baier, A. Zrenner, M. Bichler, G. Abstreiter, U. Hohenester, E. Molinari, Phys. Rev. B 64, 121309(R) (2001).
S. Seidl, M. Kroner, P.A. Dalgarno, A. Högele, J.M. Smith, M. Ediger, B.D. Gerardot, J.M. Garcia, P.M. Petroff, K. Karrai, R.J. Warburton, Phys. Rev. B 72, 195339 (2005)
M. Bayer, G. Ortner, O. Stern, A. Kuther, A.A. Gorbunov, A. Forchel, P. Hawrylak, S. Fafard, K. Hinzer, T.L. Reinecke, S.N. Walck, J.P. Reithmaier, F. Klopf, S. F. Phys. Rev. B 65, 195315 (2002)
J.M. Smith, P.A. Dalgarno, R.J. Warburton, A.O. Govorov, K. Karrai, B.D. Gerardot, P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 197402 (2005)
D. Heiss, V. Jovanov, M. Bichler, G. Abstreiter, J.J. Finley, Phys. Rev. B 77, 235442 (2008)
J. König, H. Schoeller, G. Schön, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(10), 1715 (1996)
J. König, J. Schmid, H. Schoeller, G. Schön, Phys. Rev. B 54(23), 16820 (1996)
M. Braun, J. König, J. Martinek, Phys. Rev. B 70(19), 195345 (2004)
M. Braun, J. König, J. Martinek, Europhys. Lett. 72(2), 294 (2005)
I. Weymann, J. Barnaś, J. König, J. Martinek, G. Schön, Phys. Rev. B 72(11), 113301 (2005)
I. Weymann, J. König, J. Martinek, J. Barnaś, G. Schön, Phys. Rev. B 72(11), 115334 (2005)
M. Braun, J. König, J. Martinek, Phys. Rev. B 74(7), 075328 (2006)
R. Hornberger, S. Joller, G. Begemann, A. Donarini, M. Grifoni, Phys. Rev. B 77(24), 245313 (2008)
S. Lindebaum, D. Urban, J. König, Phys. Rev. B 79(24), 245303 (2009)
B. Sothmann, D. Futterer, M. Governale, J. König, Phys. Rev. B 82(9), 094514 (2010)
B. Sothmann, J. König, Phys. Rev. B 82(24), 245319 (2010)
B. Sothmann, J. König, A. Kadigrobov, Phys. Rev. B 82(20), 205314 (2010)
B. Sothmann, J. König, New J. Phys. 12(8), 083028 (2010)
J. Koch, F. von Oppen, A.V. Andreev, Phys. Rev. B 74(20), 205438 (2006)
M. Esposito, K. Lindenberg, C. van den Broeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(13), 130602 (2009)
R. Sánchez, M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. B 83(8), 085428 (2011)
B. Sothmann, M. Büttiker, Europhys. Lett. 99(2), 27001 (2012)
A.J. Heinrich, J.A. Gupta, C.P. Lutz, D.M. Eigler, Science 306(5695),466 (2004).
C.F. Hirjibehedin, C.P. Lutz, A.J. Heinrich, Science 312(5776), 1021 (2006)
F. Meier, L. Zhou, J. Wiebe, R. Wiesendanger, Science 320(5872), 82 (2008)
C.F. Hirjibehedin, C. Lin, A.F. Otte, M. Ternes, C.P. Lutz, B.A. Jones, A.J. Heinrich, Science 317(5842), 1199 (2007)
A.F. Otte, M. Ternes, K. von Bergmann, S. Loth, H. Brune, C.P. Lutz, C.F. Hirjibehedin, A.J. Heinrich, Nat. Phys. 4(11), 847 (2008)
A.F. Otte, M. Ternes, S. Loth, C.P. Lutz, C.F. Hirjibehedin, A.J. Heinrich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(10), 107203 (2009)
S. Loth, K. von Bergmann, M. Ternes, A.F. Otte, C.P. Lutz, A.J. Heinrich, Nat. Phys. 6(5), 340 (2010)
J. Fernández-Rossier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 256802 (2009)
J. Fransson, Nano Lett. 9(6), 2414 (2009)
M. Persson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(5), 050801 (2009)
N. Lorente, J. Gauyacq, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(17), 176601 (2009)
F. Delgado, J.J. Palacios, J. Fernández-Rossier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(2), 026601 (2010)
J. Lehmann, D. Loss, Phys. Rev. B 73(4), 045328 (2006)
Acknowledgments
All authors gratefully acknowledge the fruitful cooperation under the direction of Hartmut Zabel within the SFB491 and the financial support via the DFG. We appreciated the collaboration with Ellen Schuster, Frank Stromberg, Heiko Wende and Werner Keune from the Universität Duisburg-Essen for fruitful discussions and regarding the growth of the ferromagnetic metal structures with perpendicular anisotropy, Dirk Reuter for his expert help in MBE, Astrid Ludwig, Nicole Stracke and Nadine Viteritti for expert sample preparation. We gratefully acknowledge the expert experimental assistance of Jie Huang and Sven Eliasson. We acknowledge financial support by the RUB Research School, the DFH/UFA DFDK-05-06, the SPP 1285, and the BMBF QuaHL-Rep 01BQ1035.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ludwig, A. et al. (2013). Quantum Dot Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications. In: Zabel, H., Farle, M. (eds) Magnetic Nanostructures. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 246. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32042-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32042-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32041-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32042-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)