Abstract
The paper emphasizes that fair-trial guarantees represent the core of the legal struggle against transnational crime, however important it is for the protection of citizens’ rights. Indeed, all the international charters on human rights recognize the guarantee of due process of law. It is then argued that the issue of transnational cooperation in criminal matters involves three different levels of analysis: judicial cooperation among states, relationships with international criminal tribunals, and European integration in criminal justice. The definition of transnational crime is followed by an outline of the main cooperation instruments provided, with a specific reference to the Resolution adopted by the XVIII Congress of the International Penal Law Association in 2009. As regards international criminal tribunals, a major issue is the admissibility of evidence collected by a state agency in violation of fundamental rights that should be excluded. Finally, the paper deals with cross-border investigations within the European Union, exchange of evidence, and minimum standards concerning procedural rights of the accused.
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Notes
- 1.
Annan (2004), p. iii.
- 2.
Ibid., p. iii.
- 3.
Ibid., p. iv.
- 4.
Lahti (2010), p. 25.
- 5.
Burchard (2010), p. 51.
- 6.
ICCt, Decisions 348/2008 and 349/2008. See also ICCt, Decision 80/2011. See however Caianiello (2011), p. 686, on the direct application by the national judge, of the ECHR and the EU FRCh as European Union law, after the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty, which incorporates both sources.
- 7.
Minutes of the Congress (2009), p. 548.
- 8.
Minutes of the Congress (2009), pp. 548–549.
- 9.
Minutes of the Congress (2009), pp. 550–551.
- 10.
See, e.g., ICTY, 18 July 1997, Prosecutor v. Blaskić; ICTY, 12 March 1999, Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić.
- 11.
See Rome Statute of the ICC, Article 54(3)(e).
- 12.
In the Lubanga-Dyilo case, the ICC decided the stay of the prosecution as a consequence of non disclosure of exculpatory evidence according to Article 54(3)(e) of the Statute (ICC, 2 July 2008, Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga-Dyilo). The decision was reversed by the Appeal Court (21 October 2008).
- 13.
USSC, Elkins v. U.S., 364 U.S. 206 (1960).
- 14.
As first named by USSC, Nardone v. U.S., 308 U.S. 338 (1939).
- 15.
See Jiménez-Villarejo (2011), p. 176.
- 16.
Sayers (2011), p. 16.
- 17.
Abbreviations
- AChHR:
-
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
- ACHR:
-
American Convention on Human Rights
- AFSJ:
-
Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
- ECHR:
-
European Convention on Human Rights
- ECtHR:
-
European Court of Human Rights
- EUFRCh:
-
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
- ICC:
-
International Criminal Court
- ICCPR:
-
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- ICCt:
-
Italian Constitutional Court
- ICTY:
-
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
- TEU:
-
Treaty on the European Union
- UDHR:
-
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- USSC:
-
The Supreme Court of the United States
References
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Illuminati, G. (2013). Transnational Inquiries in Criminal Matters and Respect for Fair Trial Guarantees. In: Ruggeri, S. (eds) Transnational Inquiries and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in Criminal Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32012-5_4
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