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Rider Transposon Insertion and Phenotypic Change in Tomato

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Plant Transposable Elements

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 24))

Abstract

The Rider retrotransposon is ubiquitous in the tomato genome and is likely an autonomous element that still transposes to date. The majority of approximately 2,000 copies of Rider are located near genes. Phenotypes associated with Rider insertion are diverse and often the result of knock out of the underlying genes. One unusual Rider-mediated phenotype resulted from a gene duplication event. By means of read-through transcription, Rider copied part of the surrounding sequence to another location in the genome, leading to high expression of one of the transposed genes, SUN, resulting in an elongated fruit shape. Transcription studies demonstrated that Rider is expressed to levels comparable to the expression of other tomato genes and that control of transposition may be regulated by antisense transcription. Taken together, Rider is a unique retrotransposon that may have played important roles in the evolution of tomato and its closest relatives.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

bHLH:

Basic helix–loop–helix

BL:

Blind

C:

Cut leaf or potato leaf mutation

CP:

Coat protein

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

FER:

Iron inefficient mutant

INT:

Integrase

LTR:

Long terminal repeat

Mb:

Mega base pair

MITE:

Miniature inverted repeat transposable element

mRNA:

messenger RNA

MULE:

Mutator-like element

MYA:

Million years ago

MYB:

Myeloblastosis transcription factor

PBS:

Primer binding site

PPT:

Polypurine tract

PR:

Protease

PSY1:

Phytoene synthase 1

R:

Red or yellow flesh mutation

RAX1:

Regulator of axillary meristem 1

RH:

RNase H

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

TE:

Transposable element

TIR:

Terminal inverted repeat

TSD:

Target site duplication

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Acknowledgments

Funding in the Jiang laboratory is provided by National Science Foundation Molecular and Cellular Biosciences grant number 1121650. Funding in the van der Knaap laboratory is provided by National Science Foundation Integrative Organismal Systems grant number 0922661.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Ning Jiang

  2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA

    Sofia Visa

  3. Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA

    Shan Wu & Esther van der Knaap

Authors
  1. Ning Jiang
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  2. Sofia Visa
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  3. Shan Wu
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  4. Esther van der Knaap
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esther van der Knaap .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA Versailles, UMR 1318, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France

    Marie-Angèle Grandbastien

  2. , Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica (CRAG), CSIC-RTA-UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain

    Josep M. Casacuberta

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Jiang, N., Visa, S., Wu, S., van der Knaap, E. (2012). Rider Transposon Insertion and Phenotypic Change in Tomato. In: Grandbastien, MA., Casacuberta, J. (eds) Plant Transposable Elements. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 24. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31842-9_15

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