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Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties: Siliceous Nanobiomaterials

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Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties

Abstract

In the scope of silica materials across the breadth of research and technology, perhaps one of the most active and exciting research areas is that of siliceous nanobiomaterials – materials forged at the interface of silica and biomaterials that give rise to and augment a multitude of biotechnological applications. In the development of these hybrid silica nanomaterials, taking cues from both the short term in early silica research to the long term in nature itself, the main rationale for the application of silica has been to enhance functionality through the adaptation and exploitation of properties inherent to silica materials and chemistry. In fact, siliceous nanobiomaterials are not a human creation: Silica interactions with cells and other biological entities are ancient and ubiquitous. Stromatolites, Earth’s earliest fossils, consist of bacteria within silica-containing mineral matrices as an early example of biomineralization. Even today diatoms and radiolarian sponges employ silica shells for protection. Incorporation of siliceous components within nanobiomaterials has mainly been motivated by properties and attributes of silica that have made it a valuable research tool for decades. Silica is readily formed by hydrolysis and condensation of simple silicate precursors (e.g., tetramethyl orthosilicate, TMOS, and tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS, are the most common). In addition, silica materials can be tuned in size, porosity, and pore size by controlling reaction rates and chemistries. Silica also provides good mechanical strength while being compatible for biological applications. Lastly, silica and its precursors are relatively inexpensive materials and provide for ease of production and scale-up.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (Triangle MRSEC, Grant no. DMR-1121107) and the EPSCoR Program (no. IIA-130136). W.H. acknowledges support of a NIH Biotechnology Predoctoral Fellowship (T32 GM 8555). G.G. would like to acknowledge the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Department of Energy LANL/LDRD Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Wei Han, Linying Li, James M. Harris & Gabriel P. López

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Wei Han, Linying Li, James M. Harris & Gabriel P. López

  3. Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Linnea K. Ista

  4. Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    Gautam Gupta

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Gabriel P. López

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  1. Wei Han
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Correspondence to Wei Han .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

  2. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Dan Luo

  3. Division of Restorative, Prosthetic and Primary Care, The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Scott R. Schricker

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Wolfgang Sigmund

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Stefan Zauscher

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Han, W., Ista, L.K., Gupta, G., Li, L., Harris, J.M., López, G.P. (2014). Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties: Siliceous Nanobiomaterials. In: Bhushan, B., Luo, D., Schricker, S., Sigmund, W., Zauscher, S. (eds) Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31107-9_30

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