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Basic Aspects

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Micro Metal Forming

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Production Engineering ((LNPE))

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Abstract

The term ‘size effect’ is often used when experiments with samples of different size, e.g. different sheet thicknesses in tensile tests, present non-uniform behavior. More than once in the past different behavior has been wrongly referred to as size effect.

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Abbreviations

A:

Area (mm²)

A0 :

Initial area (mm²)

Al :

Liquid contact area (mm²)

As :

Solid contact area (mm²)

a:

Distance (mm)

b:

Width (mm)

d:

Diameter (mm)

d0 :

Initial diameter (mm)

d1 :

Major diameter after deformation (mm)

d2 :

Minor diameter after deformation (mm)

dp :

Punch diameter (mm)

E:

Modulus of elasticity (GPa)

F:

Force (N)

FBLH :

Blank holder force (N)

FE :

Electrostatic force (N)

Ffr :

Frictional force (N)

FG :

Gravitation (N)

Fn :

Normal force (N)

FvW :

Van der Waal’s force (N)

Fγ :

Force induced by surface tension (N)

h:

Height (mm)

h0 :

Initial height (mm)

k:

Yield stress in shear (MPa)

kf :

Flow stress (MPa)

kfs :

Flow stress at the surface (MPa)

kfv :

Flow stress in the volume (MPa)

l:

Length (mm)

l0 :

Original length (mm)

l1 :

Length during deformation (mm)

lG :

Grain size (mm)

lNa :

Length nakajima test

m:

Friction factor

p:

Pressure (N/mm²)

pl :

Closed pocket pressure (N/mm²)

q:

Wear rate (m³ · (Nm)−1)

s0 :

Initial material thickness (mm)

T:

Temperature (K)

t:

Time (s)

v:

Velocity (mm/s)

V:

Volume (m³)

w:

Path (mm)

Δ:

Difference (µm)

ε:

Strain

φ:

Logarithmic degree of deformation = ln(l/l0)

\(\dot{\varphi}\) :

Deformation velocity (s−1)

φ1 :

Major strain

φ2 :

Minor strain

Λ:

Scaling factor

η:

Dynamic viscosity (N s/m2)

κ:

Grain number

µ:

Friction coefficient

ν:

Kinematic viscosity (m²/s)

σ:

Normal stress (MPa)

σM :

Ultimate tensile strength (MPa)

σpl :

Yield strength (MPa)

τ:

Frictional shear stress (MPa)

τSC :

Shear stress for a single crystal (MPa)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1.  Bremer Institut für angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH, Bremen , Germany  

    Frank Vollertsen

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Correspondence to Frank Vollertsen , Frank Vollertsen , Gerrit Behrens , Timo Kühnle or Hendrik Flosky .

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  1. Klagenfurter Str. 2, Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Frank Vollertsen

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Vollertsen, F. (2013). Basic Aspects. In: Vollertsen, F. (eds) Micro Metal Forming. Lecture Notes in Production Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30916-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30916-8_2

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