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Cleft Lip and Palate pp 227–241Cite as

Lip Pits: Orthodontic Treatment, Dentition, and Occlusion – Associated Skeletal Structures

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Abstract

A cleft of the lip and palate is the result of the failure of lip elements and right and left palatal segments to come together within the first 9 weeks of fetal life. The loss of muscular continuity of the orbicularis oris-buccinator-superior constrictor ring in complete unilateral and bilateral clefts changes the normal muscular force diagram. The aberrant muscular forces act to displace tissue masses. In complete clefts of the lip and palate, if the lateral palatal cleft segments are detached from the vomer, they will be pulled laterally by the external aberrant lip-cheek muscular forces, as well as spread apart by the tongue pushing into the cleft space.

Because clefts differ in their location and extent, lip and palate clefts can vary in the degree of geometric distortion, as well as in the size and shape of the cleft palatal segments. The variety of palatal/lip clefts will be shown and reviewed. The muscular forces that act on the bony scaffolding of the palate and pharynx begin very early in intrauterine life; therefore, the palatal and facial configuration at birth has been formed over the major portion of the infant’s existence prior to birth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

    Samuel Berkowitz DDS, M.S., FICD (Adjunct Professor)

  2. South Florida Cleft Palate Clinic, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Samuel Berkowitz DDS, M.S., FICD (Clinical Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics (Ret), Director of Research (Ret)

  3. Craniofacial Anomalies Program, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, USA

    Samuel Berkowitz DDS, M.S., FICD (Consultant (Ret)

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  1. Samuel Berkowitz DDS, M.S., FICD
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Correspondence to Samuel Berkowitz DDS, M.S., FICD .

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  1. Paradela Street 11035, Coral Gables, 33156, Florida, USA

    Samuel Berkowitz

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Berkowitz, S., Berkowitz, S., Berkowitz, S. (2013). Lip Pits: Orthodontic Treatment, Dentition, and Occlusion – Associated Skeletal Structures. In: Berkowitz, S. (eds) Cleft Lip and Palate. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30770-6_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30770-6_8

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