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Obesity and Diabetes

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Sex and Gender Differences in Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 214))

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are chronic lifestyle diseases which are dramatically increasing worldwide leading to high costs and an enormous burden on the public health care system. Both biological and psychosocial factors, environment and lifestyle are involved in the pathogenesis of these metabolic disorders and thus important sex- and gender-based differences can be found. These differences have also important implications for lifestyle intervention (nutrition and exercise) and drug therapy.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine

AMPK:

5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase

BMI:

Body mass index

CB1:

Cannabinoid-1

DPP-4:

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

DPP-4i:

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide 1

GLP-1R:

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

IGT:

Impaired glucose tolerance

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

SU:

Sulfonylureas

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Acknowledgement

This report was funded by the following research grants: FEMtech FTI-Projekt: Diabetes and Gender; Jubiläumsfonds der Österreichischen Nationalbank: Projekt Nr. 13244; Medizinisch-Wissenschaftlicher Fonds des Bürgermeisters der Bundeshauptstadt Wien: Projekt Nr. 09063.

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  1. Gender Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Alexandra Kautzky-Willer

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Rosa Lemmens-Gruber

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Correspondence to Alexandra Kautzky-Willer .

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  1. Institute of Gender in Medicine (GiM), Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin, 10115, Germany

    Vera Regitz-Zagrosek

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Kautzky-Willer, A., Lemmens-Gruber, R. (2013). Obesity and Diabetes. In: Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (eds) Sex and Gender Differences in Pharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 214. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_15

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