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Evolution of Multipartite Genomes in Prokaryotes

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Evolutionary Biology: Mechanisms and Trends

Abstract

Recent findings have shed light on the interplay and roles of multipartite genome structure in relation to bacterial survival and specialization. The majority of bacteria with two chromosomes are members of the Proteobacteria group and recent evidence suggests that the primary (CI) and the accessory chromosomes (CII) are essential and ancient partners of these complex prokaryotic genomes. However, accessory chromosomes have evolved more rapidly to provide increased metabolic plasticity as the CI encodes more essential proteins necessary for cell survival. The flexibility and the high divergence of CII may allow increased adaptability to specialized environments in which the possession of a single chromosome may not fully permit. Models and hypotheses pertaining to the formation of accessory chromosomes and the roles of different inherent genomic factors integral to the evolution of the accessory chromosomes in bacteria such as evolutionary constraints, horizontal gene transfer, partitioning of genes representing different COGs, gene regulation mechanisms, and replication mechanisms are discussed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Enhancement Grant for Research (EGR) from Sam Houston State University to Madhusudan Choudhary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA

    Madhusudan Choudhary, Anish Bavishi, Cheramie Trahan & Bat-Erdene Myagmarjav

  2. Department of Computer Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA

    Hyuk Cho

Authors
  1. Madhusudan Choudhary
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  2. Hyuk Cho
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  3. Anish Bavishi
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  4. Cheramie Trahan
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  5. Bat-Erdene Myagmarjav
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Madhusudan Choudhary .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS UMR 6632, Labo. Evolution Biologique et, Université d'Aix-Marseille, place Victor Hugo 3, Marseille CX 03, 13331, France

    Pierre Pontarotti

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Choudhary, M., Cho, H., Bavishi, A., Trahan, C., Myagmarjav, BE. (2012). Evolution of Multipartite Genomes in Prokaryotes. In: Pontarotti, P. (eds) Evolutionary Biology: Mechanisms and Trends. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30425-5_17

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